Reformers

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Reformers Creating Change in the Church
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What is a reformer?

• A reformer is one who sees a need for change and
  works to create it, in spite of the difficulties
  that often arise from human beings natural
  aversion to change.

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Reflection

• Why is change so difficult?
• Write about a time of change in your life.
• How did you react to/deal with it?

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Start with Jesus

• Jesus as a Reformer
• What did Jesus
• try to change?
• How did he do it?

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Major Reforms in the History of the Church

• Gregorian Reforms
• Protestant Reformation/Counter Reformation/T
  he Council of Trent
• Vatican II

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Gregorian Reforms

• Around 1075 (put this date on your timeline)
• The work of Pope Gregory VII
• These reforms focused on 2 areas of the Church
• 1. Declared that priests needed to be celibate
  meaning that they could not marry.
• 2. Declared that the Pope was the absolute head
  of the Church that his power could not be
  questioned.
• Both of these reforms were in response to issues
  that had previously
• weakened and embarrassed the Church.

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The Protestant Reformation

• The Church faced a difficult and challenging time
  in the 14th,
• 15th, and 16th Centuries. Among these challenges
  were
• 1. Problems with the Papacy
• 2. The Black Death
• 3. The Renaissance

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Problems with the Papacy

• In general, people were losing respect for the
  Pope because of scandalous situations,
  questionable political involvements, and a
  lifestyle that seemed extravagant especially to
  the poor.

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The Black Death

• The Black Death was a plague that killed hundreds
  of thousands of people. It was a time of great
  spiritual despair. In addition, religious orders
  that ministered to people were overwhelmed by the
  number of people who needed care.

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The Renaissance

• While this was an amazing time in history, it was
  challenging for the Church. Why?
• There was a great emphasis on the strength and
  power of human beings, and not as much of an
  emphasis on God.

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• The Church was in a weakened state. Its
  struggles set the stage for Reformers to voice
  their concerns and, in some cases, start their
  own churches. These Reformers included . . .
• Complete the worksheet, using pages 143-149 of
  your textbook.

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The Catholic Reformation

• For the most part, the Catholic Church was able
  to see the criticisms of the Protestant
  Reformation as constructive criticism, (what
  does this mean??) and to see an opportunity to
  change in a positive way.
• They did this in a variety of ways, including
  encouraging religious communities to re-commit
  themselves to their mission and charism (a gift
  that that community has to offer to the Church
  and to the world) and challenging Catholics to
  know and publicly live/defend their faith.

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Important figures of the Catholic Reformation

• 2 important figures in Church History emerged
  during this time, as part of the Catholic
  Reformation.
• These 2 figures are St. Ignatius of Loyola and
  St. Teresa of Avila.

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St. Ignatius of Loyola and St. Teresa of Avila

• Read the articles on these 2 figures. In your
  notes, make 2 lists
• 10 important facts 10 Important Facts
• about St. Ignatius about St. Teresa
• This must be finished for class tomorrow! It
  will count as a HW.
• If you do not finish this in class, the articles
  can be found by
• going to Student Resource Center and searching
  for Ignatius
• of Loyola and/or Teresa of Avila. Choose the
  entries from
• the Encyclopedia of World Biography.

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St. Ignatius of Loyola and St. Teresa of Avila

• Read the articles on these 2 figures. Each
  article is separated into sections (Conversion,
  Early Life, Vocation, etc.).
• In your notes, summarize each section in 2-3
  sentences. Be sure to indicate what section you
  are summarizing by including the title.
• Finish this for HW.
• (8th Period)

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St. Ignatius of Loyola

1. Born in 1491
2. Born in Spain
3. Converted to Catholicism after reading about
   Jesus the Saints
4. Believed that human beings are meant to WORK WITH
   Jesus to achieve Gods plan for the world
5. Wrote the Spiritual Exercises a guideline for
   a particular kind of prayer

1. His motto For the Greater Glory of God
2. Founder of the Society of Jesus (the Jesuits)
3. The Jesuits are devoted to service anywhere doing
   anything whatever is needed.
4. Opened many schools, as education is of great
   value to the Jesuits
5. Died in 1556 and declared a saint in 1622

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St. Teresa of Avila

1. Wrote The Interior Castle, describing the journey
   of a persons prayer life.
2. Best known for Mystical experiences very deep
   encounters with God
3. Was also known for being able to remain
   constantly aware of Gods presence while staying
   in the every day activities of life.
4. Died in 1582 canonized in 1622
5. 1970 proclaimed a Doctor of the Church for
   her writings which were seen as outstanding
   guides to spirituality

1. Born in 1515
2. Born in Avila, Spain
3. Entered a Carmelite monastery at 20.
4. Led a group of sisters who wanted to live a more
   removed and serious life of prayer known as
   Discalced (barefoot) Carmelites (St. Thereses
   religious order)
5. Originally, her autobiography was simply called
   Life

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The Council of Trent

• Held from 1545-1563 (put this on your timeline)
• - didnt meet for 18 years straight meetings
  were spaced out over time
• Called by Pope Paul III
• The purpose of this Council was to
• 1. clearly define Catholic beliefs
• 2. reform the aspects of the Church that were
  rightly called into question by the Protestant
  Reformation.

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Effects of the Council of Trent

• The following 8 teachings of the Church were
  affirmed and strengthened
• 1.
• 2.
• 3.
• 4. (see p. 154-155)
• 5.
• 6.
• 7.
• 8.

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• The following aspects of the Church changed as a
  result of
• The Council of Trent
• 1. Celibacy for priests was more strongly
  enforced.
• 2. Greater emphasis on the training of priests
  seminaries were established.
• 3. Guidelines for daily life as a
• Catholic were established

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Vatican Council II

• Complete the worksheet on Vatican II, using your
  textbook (pgs. 219-226) as a guide.

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Test Thursday 1/13