Russian

1
Russian Turkish War 1877-1878
2
Background

• Eastern question as a salient issue for the
  Russian empire
• Results of the Crimean war
• Black Sea
• Territories
• French and British support of the Ottomans
• Pan-Slavism

3
Immediate Reasons

• Riots in Bosnia And Herzegovina summer 1875
• April Uprising in Bulgaria April to May 1876
• Suppression and atrocities
• 30 000 victims of bashibuzuks
• Reaction of Europe
• Public opinion in France and especially Britain
  was against the pro-Ottoman political line of the
  government
• Failure to resolve the issue through diplomacy

4
Public Opinion in Russia

• Slavophiles vs. Westernizers (Zapadniki)
• Slavophiles (Dostoevsky) the great mission of
  Russia, gathering of the Slavic Orthodox lands,
  siege of Constantinople
• Zapadniki (Turgenev) war of liberation

5
Major Battles

• April 12, 1877 Russia declares war
• Time pressure
• May 1877 Russian troops enter the lands of
  Romania
• June 21 Russian troops cross the Danube river
• June 25 Tarnovo
• End of July Shipka pass
• August October attempts to take Plevna
• Ottoman counter attack
• November 28 Plevna
• December 23, 1877 Sofia
• January 3-5 Plovdiv
• January 15 Osman-Bazar

6
(No Transcript)
7
Results of the war

• San-Stefano peace treaty February 19
• July 1 Treaty of Berlin
• Bulgarian principality