Floor System

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Floor System
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Functional Requirements

• Strength and stability
• Resistance to weather and ground moisture
• Durability and freedom from maintenance
• Fire safety
• Resistance to passage of heat
• Resistance to the passage of sound

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Strength Stability

• Strength of floor depends on the characteristics
  of the materials used for the structure of floor.
  Ex timber, steel or concrete
• Floor must be strong enough to support the dead
  load and imposed load of the floor.
• Timber floor suitable for small imposed load ,
  small spans and for single family building not
  more than three storey.
• Reinforced concrete floor suitable for larger
  imposed load and wider spans , and both for
  strength in support and resistance to fire.
• Floor should have adequate stiffness against
  gross deflection under load

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Resistance to weather and ground moisture

• The ground floor of building (heated building)
  will tend to encourage moisture from the ground
  below to rise and make the floor damp and feel
  cold and uncomfortable.

• In the former instance, a concrete slab alone may
  be sufficient barrier.
• In the latter instance, waterproof membrane
  placed on, in, or under the concrete slab will be
  necessary to prevent moisture rising to the
  surface of floor.

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Durability and freedom from maintenance

• Ground floors protected against rising moisture
  and upper floors which solidly supported and
  protected, should be durable for the expected
  life of the building and require little
  maintenance

Fire safety

• Suspended upper floors should provide resistance
  to fire for a period adequate for the escape of
  the occupants from the building.
• Estimated periods of resistance to fire is from
  0.5 to 4 hours, depending on the size and use of
  the building.
• Generally, timber floor provides a lesser period
  of the resistance to fire compared to a
  reinforced concrete floor.

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Resistance to the passage of sound

• The low mass of a timber floor transmit airborne
  sound more readily compared to a high mass
  concrete floor.
• The sound absorption of a floor can be improved
  by carpet or felt, and a ceiling by the use of
  one of the absorbent acoustic tile or panel
  finishes.

Resistance to passage of heat

• A floor should provide resistance to transfer of
  heat where there is normally a significant air
  temperature difference on the opposite sides of
  the floor.
• Both hardcore and a damp-proof membrane on or
  under the oversite concrete will assist in
  preventing the floor being damp and feeling cold.
  

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Type of Floor

• Timber floor
• - solid timber floor
• - timber laminated floor
• Concrete floor (Solid Ground Floor)

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Solid timber floor

• Solid hardwood floors are made of planks milled
  from a single piece of timber and originally used
  for structural purposes.
• Solid wood floors have a thicker wear surface and
  can be sanded and finished more times than an
  engineered wood floor.
• Wood actually is sponge material in micro
  structure.
• It is very sensitive to surroundings like
  humidity, dampness, temperature . Normally,
  expanding, shrinkage, color fading, more or less
  can not be avoided.

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Timber laminated floor

• A laminate is a thin layer of material laminated
  to a thicker material.
• In the case of laminate timber flooring, the
  laminate is a timber look-alike layer of paper.

• Laminate timber flooring consists of four layers
• 4 - Base layer is a thin, water-proof film that
  stabilizes the board and adds an extra layer of
  waterproofing.
• 3 - Core layer is made of either water-resistant
  medium density fibreboard (MDF) or high density
  fibreboard (HDF).
• 2 - Third layer is the paper image of the design.
  In laminate timber flooring, this is a highly
  realistic four colour photograph of actual
  timber.
• 1 - Top layer is composed of a mixture of
  melamine and aluminium oxide.

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Advantages-
? Very affordable alternative to true timber,
still offering the same ambience and colour to
real timber. ? Incredibly hard wearing, yet warm
under foot. Laminate is resistant to high heels
and most furniture marks. ? Can be easily
installed by any handyman, not just professional
installers.
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Concrete floor (Solid Ground Floor)

• Solid Ground can be classified into
• Hard core
• Blinding
• Concrete bed or slab

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Concrete Floor Hardcore

• Purpose is to fill empty space occurs during
  excavation.
• Act against capillary action of moisture
• Usually laid in 100-150 mm layers to the required
  depth
• If necessary, using roller to compact to prevent
  any unacceptable settlement.

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Concrete Floor Blinding

• Use to even off the surface of hardcore if a
  damp-proof membrane is to be placed under the
  concrete bed.
• Generally consist of fine ash/sand/weak concrete
• It will prevent the damp-proof membrane from
  being punctured by the hardcore
• Provide a true surface from which the
  reinforcement can be position.

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Concrete Floor Concrete bed

• Unreinforced or plane in situ concrete, 100 150
  mm thick
• Reinforced concrete, 150mm minimum.

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TILING

• A tile is a manufactured piece of hard-wearing
  material such as ceramic, stone, metal, or
  even glass.
• Tiles are generally used for covering roofs, floor
  s, walls, showers, or other objects such as
  tabletops.
• For the floor finishing, tile is commonly made of
  ceramic, porcelain, natural stone and mosaic.

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Ceramic Tile

• Ceramic tiles are made from a blend of clays and
  silicones pressed into shape and then fired in a
  kiln to produce tough, hard wearing tiles that
  are resistant to water, spillages and stains.
• They dont require any sealing or polishing and
  are easily wiped clean so are ideal for walls and
  floors, bathrooms and kitchens.
• For indoor use, they provide a tough decorative
  surface that looks great, and they are
  maintenance free as well as long lasting. 

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Porcelain Tile

• Porcelain tiles are beautiful to look at and are
  extremely hard wearing.
• They are made from pure materials fired at very
  high temperatures to produce tiles that are
  stain, scratch, shock, frost and chemical
  resistant.
• Porcelain tiles tend to need to be sealed before
  and after grouting to ensure they maintain their
  beautiful appearance. 

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Stone Tile

• made from naturally occurring substances, which
  means each tile has a slight variation in color
  and texture, giving them a very distinctive look.

• The most popular types of natural stone tiles
  are
• Limestone  classical soft, warm creamy white in
  appearance
• Travertine  a form of limestone that comes in
  darker natural shades of beige, cream and soft
  brown
• Slate  formed from volcanic ash to produce a
  very durable stone in dark and earthy colours
• Marble  crystal structures produce an almost
  translucent appearance at the surface, for a
  classically luxurious look
• Granite  one of the hardest stones,  extremely
  beautiful and available in many colours

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Mosaic Tile

• Mosaic tiles come in sheets comprising many small
  tiles.
• The sheets can be cut down to your required size
  or into strips to be used as a border or feature.
• They can be glazed or unglazed and come in a
  choice of materials and can be used in a variety
  of ways including
• as a feature panel behind a basin or focal point
  in your kitchen
• as a tile border in the bathroom or kitchen
• Mosaic tiles are also useful for fitting to
  un-conforming shapes such as a purposely curved
  wall, wet room floor or even to an uneven surface.

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• END