???????pH?????????????????;

1
???? ??????????
??????
??? ??????????????? ??? ???????? ??????????????? ?
?? ???????? ???????????????
2
??? ???????????
???????
???????????? ???????????????? ??????????
3
??? ???????????
????????????
(?)????????

• ?????????????????
• ???????pH?????????????????
• ??????????????pH??????????

4
??? ???????????
(?)??????????

• ????
• ?????pH????????,???????????????
• ??????,??pH????????????????,?????????????????????
  
• ?????????????,??????????????,??????????????,??????
  ?(??)????

5
??? ???????????
????
(1)??????????? (2)??????????????????? ?????
??? (1)?????????????(?????)
(2)?????????????????????(?????)
6
??? ???????????
????????????????
(?)?????????????????? ??? ???????????????????
?? ??? ??????????????????(???????),??????????
???????,?????????
7
??? ???????????
(?)??????????????????   1.?????
?????(integral reactor)??????????gt5??????????
?????
?????(differential reactor)???????????lt5?????
??????????????????????????????????
8
??? ???????????
2.?????
?????????????????????????,?????????????? ???????
??????????????????
9
??? ???????????
???V
??????????
A???? nA
A???? qnA (kmol/s)
A???? qnA0 (kmol/s)
A???? RA(kmol/s)
?????A????????
????????
A????A????A????A????  qnA0qnA(-rA)?VdnA/dt
10
??? ???????????
?????
(1) ?????????????? (2) ??????????????????? (3)
???????????,?????????? (4) ?????????????????,?????
???????,????
11
??? ????????
???????
???????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ???????
?????
12
??? ????????
????????????
-dnA/dt-rAV
?? cA
??? nA
(12.2.3)
??V
(12.2.6)
???????????
13
??? ????????
???????????????
??????cA???????? ?????????????????? ???????????
?????????
14
??? ????????
????????????
???????????????
??11.3.1??????
F(cA)?(k)t G(xA) ?(k)t
??11.3.1??,??????
F(cA)ln(cA0/cA)
15
??? ????????
??????????

• ????????????,???????
• ?????????????????????(????)
• ???????????F(cA)?G(xA)
• ?F(cA)?G(xA)??????

?????????????,????????,????????????????k?
16
??? ????????
??12.2.1
???A??????????????,???????????A???????????
????????????A???????????
t (min) 0 7.5 15 22.5 30
cA (mg/L) 50.8 32.0 19.7 12.3 7.6
17
??? ????????
?????

• ?????????-rAk,,?dcA/dt-k,cA-ktcA0?
• ???????cA-t????

• ?????????
• ????!

18
??? ????????
?????????-rAkcA,?dcA/dt-kcA,lncA-ktlncA0?
???????lncA-t???
??????? ????!
k0.06341, ?-rA0.06341cA?
19
??? ????????
??????
n??????? (?11.3.1)
(12.2.11)
20
??? ????????
????????????
????????? ???????????
21
??? ????????
?????????
??cA?????,????????
??????(???)????,????cA??????,?-dcA/dt?
?????????????f(cA )??? ?????????,????????,?????,??
??????????
22
??? ????????
??12.2.1
???A??????????????,???????????A???????????
????????????A???????????
t (min) 0 7.5 15 22.5 30
cA (mg/L) 50.8 32.0 19.7 12.3 7.6
23
??? ????????
??????

• ???????cA-t???

• ?????????cA???????rA?

24
??? ????????
?-rA?cA??
??????-rA0.06341CA?
??????????????????0.0634min-1?
25
??? ????????
-rAkcAacBb ?????
?????B??????????,??????B???????,??????,???????????
-rAkcAa (12.2.14)
?????A??????????,??????A???????,??????,???????????
-rAkcBb (12.2.15)
26
??? ????????
?????
(1) ????????,????????????????,????????,???? (2)
?????????????????????? (3) ???????????????????????
(4) ??????????????????????? (5) ??????????????
27
??? ????????
???????
????????? ????????
28
??? ????????
?????????
(?)???? ????????? ?????????? (Continuous Stirred
Tank Reactor,CSTR)
qnA0qnA(-rA)VdnA/dt
??????,????,??????,?dnA/dt0
29
??? ????????
-rAV qnA0xA
-rAV qv0cA0xA
30
??? ????????
(?)???????????????
??????cA0?/?qvA0 ?????????cA ???????????????????
?cA
??????(??????????????) (1)???cA??????-rA
-rAVqv0cA0-qvcA
(2)??-rA?cA???????????????
31
??? ????????
??12.3.1
????????????????A ? R???????,?????A????100
mmol /L??,????????qv ,????qv???????A???????,???A??
??????
qv (L/min) 1 6 24
cA (mmol/L) 4 20 50
32
??? ????????
??????????????? -rAVqv0cA0-qvcA
????cA???-rA??????
cA (mmol/L) 4 20 50
-rA (mmol/Lmin) 96 480 1200
?????????,??????-rA24cA? ??????????,???????24min-
1?
33
??? ????????
????????

• ???????????????
• ???????????10????
• ???????????????????10????

• ?????????
• ??????????,????????????????????
• ??????????????????????,???????????
• ????????????????,????????

34
??? ????????
(?)???????????
dV
qnAqnA dqnA (-rA)dVdnA/dt
??????,dnA/dt0
35
??? ????????
(12.3.12)
???????????
36
??? ????????
?????????
?????? cAcA0(1-xA),?-cA0dxAdcA
(12.3.19)
37
??? ????????
(?)????????
???????????????,??????qv,???t,???????????????????
??A???(cA)? ????????????????????????cA
38
??? ????????
??????????(????????????)
?-rA?xA?????, -rAkf(xA ) ???(12.3.15)??, ??k?xA??
????
39
??? ????????
????????,????????
-rAkCA kCA0(1-xA)
?????(12.3.21)??,????
k-(qnA0/VcA0 )ln(1-xA)
???????????????k???
40
??? ????????
??????????(????????????)
?(12.3.13a)
???
(1)?xA?V/ qv0??,????????????xA ??-rA
(2)??????????,??????????????
41
??? ????????
??12.3.2
????1cm??3m????????????????,????298.15K?,??????
????????????????????????????????2.010-4mol/cm3,??
?????1.0g/cm3????? ???????????? ???????298.15K????
????
??????qv0 (cm3/min) 20 40 70 100 160
????xA 0.853 0.600 0.433 0.325 0.200
42
??? ????????
43
??? ????????
??????xA0.20,0.40,0.60,0.80??dxA/d(V/qv0),?(-rA)/
cA0?,?????-rA,??????
xA 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80
1-xA 0.80 0.60 0.0 0.80
-rA(mol/cm3min) 2.8510-5 2.0010-5 1.4510-5 0.6010-5
44
??? ????????
??????(????)-rAkcAkcA0(1-xA) ?-rA?(1-xA)??????
??????(1-xA)?-rA???
????,?????,????????? ?????????kcA0,????k0.168min-
1?
45
??? ????????
(?)????????
???????
??(12.3.13a)
????
(12.3.28)
(12.3.29)
(12.3.30)
46
??? ????????
(?)????????
??????????????/?????qv,????????????????????(cA)?
????????????????????????cA
47
??? ????????

• ????
• ?????????????????,(-rA)??
• (-rA)????????????????(cA0cA)/2
• (-rA)??????????????????(xA0xA)/2

• ??????,?????????????
• ??????,????????
• ???????????????????????

48
??? ????????
??12.3.3
???????????A????????????????????????101.3kPa??????
592????????N2,??????A???pA0???????????qv0??????V,?
?????????t???????????????????A????xA??
No. t(s) pA0(kPa) xA(-)
1 0.276 14.5 1.2810-2
2 0.633 25.3 4.9210-2
????????,????2A?P?????????????????CA????xA????????

,?????592??????????
49
??? ????????
?????dA(1-2)/2-0.5,P101.3kPa
50
??? ????????
????1
51
??? ????????
?????
(1) ??????,???????????????????????????? (2)
????????????????????????????? (3)
?????????????????????????????? (4)
??????????????????????????? (5)
?????????????????????????,???????