Programmering som skrivepraksis

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Programmering som skrivepraksis

• Ivar Tormod Berg Ørstavik

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Mål for dagen

• Dele en annerledes opplevelse av dataprogram.
• Dele en glede i å se at "framtidas"
  skriveteknologi kanskje ikke er så forskjellig
  fra "gårsdagens" likevel.
• Vise hva programmeringsfaget kan tilføre
  humanistisk forskning på tekst og skriving, og
  vice versa.

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Plan for dagen

• Analyse av en programtekst i kontekst.
• Hvordan kan programtekster forstås som
  komposisjoner som referer til og er i dialog med
  andre programtekster?
• Kronotop en meget kort introduksjon
• Hvordan bygger programmeringsspråk oppunder
  forskjellige kronotoper?

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risvollan
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lerchendal
samf
dronningen
berg
dragvoll
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addressivity

• Each individual utterance is a link in the chain
  of speech communication. The utterance reflects
  others utterances, and, above all, preceding
  links in the chain (sometimes close and sometimes
  very distant). The utterance is addressed
  not only to its own object, but also to others
  speech about it. (Bakhtin 1986 93f).

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addressivity

• Each individual utterance is a link in the chain
  of speech communication. The utterance reflects
  others utterances, and, above all, preceding
  links in the chain (sometimes close and sometimes
  very distant). The utterance is addressed
  not only to its own object, but also to others
  speech about it. (Bakhtin 1986 93f).

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Addressing the past, present, and future

• The utterance is related not only to preceding,
  but also to subsequent links in the chain of
  speech communion. When a speaker is creating an
  utterance, of course, these links do not exist.
  But from the very beginning, the utterance is
  constructed while taking into account possible
  responsive reactions, for whose sake, in essence,
  it is actually created. (Bakhtin 1986 94).

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The generalized others texts

• This addressee can be an immediate
  participant-interlocutor in an everyday dialogue,
  a differentiated collective of specialists in
  some particular area of cultural communication, a
  more or less differentiated public, ethnic group,
  contemporaries, like-minded people, opponents and
  enemies, a subordinate, a superior, someone who
  is lower, higher, familiar, foreign, and so
  fourth. And it can also be an indefinite,
  unconcretized other (Bakhtin 1986 95).

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The generalized others texts

• This addressee can be an immediate
  participant-interlocutor in an everyday dialogue,
  a differentiated collective of specialists in
  some particular area of cultural communication, a
  more or less differentiated public, ethnic group,
  contemporaries, like-minded people, opponents and
  enemies, a subordinate, a superior, someone who
  is lower, higher, familiar, foreign, and so
  fourth. And it can also be an indefinite,
  unconcretized other (Bakhtin 1986 95).

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Grammaticalization

• Grammaticalization refers to the change
  whereby lexical items and constructions come in
  certain linguistic contexts to serve grammatical
  functions and, once grammaticalized, continue to
  develop new grammatical functions (Hopper 1993
  18).
• The more general the other is, the more the
  other resembles words and grammar in language.
  Language understood as an ultimate(?)
  generalization.

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Chronotope

• The chronotope, functioning as the primary means
  for materializing time in space, emerges as the
  center for concretizing representation, as a
  force giving body to the entire novel. All the
  novels abstract elements philosophical and
  social generalizations, ideas, analyses of cause
  and effect gravitate towards the chronotope and
  through it take on flesh and blood, permitting
  the imaging power of art to do its work.

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Chronotope

• an analytical category
• the intrinsic connectedness of temporal and
  spatial relationships that are artistically
  expressed in literature (Bakhtin 1981 84).
• not used to describe the entire fictional worlds
  as we imagine them.
• only used to describe the imagined time-space
  relationships or systems that are constructed
  together with these fictional worlds in order to
  sustain them.

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Chronotope

• The image of man is always intrinsically
  chronotopic (Bakhtin 1981 85),
• but the chronotope too is always related to
  people (Bostad 2004 173).
• Chronotopes must be viewed in relation to a
  person, an image of man, a participant, a
  programme or some other actor(s) that can fill
  the chronotope with life and meaning.

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Kronotopene for greske helter

• The heroes have gone through something,
  something that did not, indeed, change them but
  that did (in a manner of speaking) affirm what
  they, and precisely they, were as individuals,
  something that did verify and establish their
  identity, their durability and continuity. The
  hammer of events shatters nothing and forges
  nothing it merely tries the durability of an
  already finished product. And the product passes
  the test. (Bakhtin 1981 106-7)

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Kronotopene i Java vs. Prolog

• Java
• int var 2 var var 1
• Variabler kan bindes flere ganger.
• Skaper flere former for kohesjon
• Skaper en avhengighet i tid og dermed tidslinje.
• beads on a string

• Prolog
• Var is 2, Var is Var 1
• Variabler kan bare bindes en gang.
• Skaper også kohesjon
• Men en langt svakere avhengighet i tid og
  egentlig ingen tidslinje.
• beads in a bowl

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Kronotopene i Java vs. Prolog

• Java
• beads on a string
• Programmet er helten
• Programmet går gjennom sitt environment run-time.
• Tidslinja skaper et handlingsforløp.

• Prolog
• beads in a bowl
• Programmet er helten
• Noen Prolog program (f.eks. bus.pl) går gjennom
  sitt environment trinn for trinn (rekursivt).
• Men noen andre Prolog program beskriver bare
  miljøet trinnløst (synkront).

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En Einstein kronotop
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Skriving Programmering ?

• Hva kan være skriving? Hva kan være språk? Hva er
  det vi forstår som skriving og språk?
• Programmering er polyphony in action,
  intertekstualitet, kronotopn, et karnevalesk
  studieobjekt for dialog.
• Og programmering er god, gammeldags kommunikasjon
  og dialog og tekst. Hva kan vi ikke anvende i
  programmering om det vi har funnet ut om vanlig
  skriving?

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Doing program words

• Language is socially constructed.
• Language is populated with the intentions of
  others
• Actions and perceptions as compositions of
  others voices
• heteroglossia
• ventriloquism?
• Social interaction or structuresin motion are
  seen not only side by side with language, but
  also as within language itself.

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Language exerts hidden power, like a moon on
the tides.

• Rita Mae Brown