Textiles

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Textiles

• Fashion Merchandising 4.01

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Fiber

• Fiber the smallest unit in a textile fabric.

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Yarn

• Yarn A group of fibers twisted together to form
  a continuous strand.

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Blend

• Blend the combination of two or more fibers
  resulting in the best of each fiber.

• The picture below represents a wool, acrylic
  blend.

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Denier

• Denier Thickness or diameter of a fiber.

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Natural Fibers

• Fibers from plants (cellulosic) and animals
  (protein).

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Cotton

• Cotton soft, white, cool to wear, underwear and
  socks. PLANT.

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Wool

• Wool coat of sheep, warmest clothes, coats and
  blankets. ANIMAL.

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Flax

• Flax stem of a PLANT, becomes linen when woven.

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Silk

• The fine, lustrous fiber that comes from a cocoon
  spun by a silkworm.

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Leather

• Leather tough, made by preserving animal hides,
  tanning.

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Suede

• Suede leather with a napped surface.

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Fur

• Fur soft, hairy coat of an animal, outerwear,
  trimmings, come from hides.

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Manufactured Fibers

• Fibers that are man-made and begin as thick
  liquids.

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Polyester

• Polyester made from coal, often blended with
  other fibers, washes great.

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Nylon

• Nylon dries quickly, resists wrinkles, clings to
  the wearer.

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Acrylic

• Acrylic resembles wool, soft, warm, bulky, yet
  lightweight.

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Rayon

• Rayon inexpensive, weak when wet.

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Acetate

• Acetate silky, luxurious, wrinkles easily,
  neckties and lingerie.

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Spandex

• Spandex ability to stretch, elastic feature,
  dance wear.

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Weaving

• Interlacing one or more sets of yarns at right
  angles

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Warp

• Strands that run lengthwise.
• Up and Down

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Weft

• Strands that run crosswise.
• (right-left)

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Bias

• Bias The diagonal grain of a fabric. It gives
  (stretch).

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Plain Weave

• The simplest and most common weave.
• Weft passes under each warp
• Chiffon/Tafetta

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Twill Weave

• Weft passes under 2 or 3 warps
• diagonal design on the surface
• Very strong and durable
• Used in Denim

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Satin Weave

• Weft passes under numerous warps
• produces a smooth, shiny surfaced fabric

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Knitting

• Knitting constructing fabric by looping yarns
  together.

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Gauge

• Gauge The number of stitches, or loops, per inch
  in a knitted fabric.

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Weft Knit

• One yarn runs crosswise to form a horizontal row
  of loops
• Cut edges will curl
• Runs if snagged
• Jersey and Sweater knits

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Warp Knit

• Several yarns creating loops in a lengthwise
  direction
• Selvage Edges strong edge that does not ravel
• Very resistant to runs
• Used in lingere

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Non-woven

• Fibers are compacted together.
• Moisture, heat, chemicals, or pressure

• Dryer Sheets
• Sterile Gowns and Caps
• Disposable Diapers

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Quilting

• Quilted fabric. A layer of padding is sandwiched
  between two layers of fabric and held in place by
  stitching.
• Examples of use bedspreads, placemats, and
  outerwear

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Braided

• Interlacing 3 or more yarns to form a regular
  pattern

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Laces and Nets

• Knotting, twisting, or looping yarns together

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Finishing

• Finishing applying colors, designs, or surface
  treatments to change the look, feel, performance
  of fabrics.

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Types of Finishing

• Mechanical
• finishes that are applied mechanically
• Affect the size and appearance
• Dyeing, Cutting, Brushing, Glazing, Embossing
• Chemical Finishes that become part of the
  fabric through a chemical reaction
• Waterproofing, Stain Resistant, Flame Resistant

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Bleaching (Chemical)

• Bleaching chemical process that removes color,
  impurities, or spots

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Dyeing (Mechanical)

• Adding color to fiber, yarn, or fabric

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Printing (Mechanical)

• Adding a pattern or design to the surface of a
  fabric

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Trends and Technology

• Equipment and Machinery
• Faster, more efficient
• CAD Computer aided design
• Microfibers
• Ultra-fine, soft, luxurious, inexpensive
• High-performance
• Sportswear
• Wicking pulls sweat away, keeps body cooler

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Trends and Technology

• Non-Wovens
• Medical textiles protection from bodily fluids
• Protection from hazardous materials
• SPF Garments
• Individuality
• Customize garments
• (monograms)
• Recycling

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Plastic Soda Bottles

• Plastic soda bottles recycled into t-shirts.

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Fabric Government Regulations

• Wool Products Labeling Act (1939)
• Wool products must have percentage and type of
  wool listed on label
• Textile Fiber Products Identification Act (1958)
• All clothing labels list generic fiber content

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Fabric Government Regulations

• Flammable Fabrics Act (1953)
• Regulates sale of highly flammable fabrics
• Prohibits extremely flammable fabrics
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vkb4tCcnA6jo

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Fabric Government Regulations

• Permanent Care Labeling Act (1972)
• All clothing required to have care instruction
  labels
• Symbols were
• introduced in 1997