HPAI VACCINATION AND OTHER CONTROL MEASURES: THE NIGERIAN EXPERIENCE

1
HPAI VACCINATION AND OTHER CONTROL MEASURES THE
NIGERIAN EXPERIENCE

• By
• Dr. Mohammed Dantani Saidu DVM,M.VSc FCVSN
• Deputy Director/Component Coordinator (Animal
  Health).
• Avian Influenza Control and Human Pandemic
  Preparedness Response Project.
• Presented at the Global Distance Learning Network
  Seminar Conference on HPAI Vaccination March
  19,2008.

2
INTRODUCTION

• Nigeria historically has used vaccination to
  control major Transboundary animal diseases both
  in Livestock and poultry such as
• Rinderpest and CBPP through JP15 and JP28
• Newcastle, Infectious bursal Disease etc
  Vaccination was also used to control resurgence
  of Rinderpest in Nigeria in the 1980s.

3
INTRODUCTION contd

• Before the incursion of Avian Influenza in
  Nigeria, the country has prepared a comprehensive
  emergency preparedness and response plan to deal
  with the disease Vaccination is part of our
  Emergency preparedness and response plan.

4
VACCINES AND VACCINATION CONSIDERATION

• Poultry population 140million
• Holdings/sectoral distribution
• Commercial 25
• Semi-commercial 15
• Backyards 60
• Types of vaccines available
• Vaccination strategies (Ring, Targeted and mass
  vaccination)
• Quality of Veterinary services
• Status of Vet infrastructures

5
VACCINES AND VACCINATION CONSIDERATION contd

• Source of funding for vaccination and supporting
  logistics
• Disease surveillance and DIVA
• Implication of vaccination on international trade
• Exit strategy

6
CONTROL MEASURES ADOPTED

• Modified stamping out with payment of
  compensation to affected farmers to serve as an
  incentive for early reporting and therefore early
  reaction.
• Total compensation paid from inception of AI
  in Nigeria to date is N623,077,880 to 2733
  affected farmers for 1,250,345 birds depopulated.

7
CONTROL MEASURES ADOPTED contd

• 2. Disease Surveillance
• The existing surveillance network put in place by
  the Epidemiology unit of the Federal Department
  of Livestock was used for AI Surveillance. The
  project is currently expanding the network to
  cover the whole country through training and
  provision of facilities to an additional 774
  surveillance agents.

8
AI status in Nigeria from inception to date

• Total Number of suspicions 1178
• Total Number of ve cases 298
• States with Suspicions 32 FCT
• States with ve results 25 FCT
• LGAs with ve results 97
• Total depopulated Birds- 1,250,345
• Last Outbreak- 6th Oct,2007 at Nsugbe Village,
  Anambra East in Anambra State

9
CONTROL MEASURES ADOPTED contd

• 3. CAPACITY BUILDING
• Several Trainings both incountry and overseas
  were conducted for both Federal, State,
  Universities and Private Vets. Today in each of
  the states of the federation there are Vets that
  have been trained in disease investigation,
  reporting, depopulation and decontamination

10
CAPACITY BUILDING contd

• Trainings and Meetings
• Over 50 National and State workshops on Emergence
  Preparedness Plan, Bio-security, Public
  Enlightenment etc for all stakeholders
• Participated in over 20 International
  Seminars/trainings.
• Nigeria organised the 1st cross border meeting
  with the Republic of Benin and also attended the
  cross border meeting in Togo.

11
CONTROL MEASURES ADOPTED contd

• 4 Veterinary Stockpile
• A veterinary stockpile has been established
  both at the central and state level with
  assistance of USAID, FAO, China and other
  development partners.

12
CONTROL MEASURES ADOPTED contd

• 5 Movement Control.
• During the implementation of our control
  strategies, control of movement of poultry and
  poultry products, and the lack of understanding
  and appreciation of the reasons and need for
  bio-security by small holder rural poultry
  farmers coupled with the absence of facilities
  at the rural household level to put in place
  appropriate bio-security measures were some of
  the major challenges we faced.
• In addition we had resurgence of infection
  betwen Dec 2006- march 2007.

13
CONTROL MEASURES ADOPTED contd

• In order to tackle the above challenges, we
  introduced some intervention which were
  specifically targeted at live bird markets and
  control posts.
• Live bird market disinfection is being carried
  out on weekly basis by our field desk officers
  nationwide. The objective is to break the chain
  of transmission of the virus because live bird
  markets are a potential hub for AI.

14
CONTROL MEASURES ADOPTED contd

• The control posts were also provided with
  disinfectants and sprayers to spray vehicles
  conveying poultry and poultry products from North
  to South and Vice Versa.

15
Conclusion

• These interventions yielded dividends as the last
  outbreak of AI in Nigeria was reported in Oct,
  2007 in Anambra State.
• Vaccination remains one of the tools that we can
  use to control AI in Nigeria and we are looking
  forward to interacting with and learning from our
  colleagues in other countries who have
  successfully employed vaccination as a tool
  especially in the areas of
• Improved efficacy of available vaccines
• Ease of application in rural poultry
• Exit plan