Democracy and the Age of Jackson

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Democracy and the Age of Jackson
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Focus Question

• What changes did Andrew Jackson represent in
  American political life?
• Jackson encouraged the idea of the common mans
  participation in politics
• Made elections more inclusive and democratic

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Classroom Activity Age of Jackson

• In pairs or Triads Create a visual
  representation of Andrew Jacksons Presidency
• Timeline of Sec 4 5
• Flow Chart
• Outline.

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The Controversial Election of 1824

• End of the Era of Good Feeling
• Republicans compete for the presidency
• Sec of State John Quincy Adams
• Speaker of House Henry Clay

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The Controversial Election of 1824

• Sec of War John C. Calhoun
• General Andrew Jackson
• William H. Crawford
• Calhoun backed out in the hope of securing the
  vice presidency

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The Controversial Election of 1824

• No majority in the electoral college
• Adams finished with 84 votes, Jackson 99,
  Crawford 41 and Clay 37

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The Controversial Election of 1824

• 12th Amendment if no candidate receives a
  majority
• Election decided by the House of Representatives
  from among the top three candidates

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The Controversial Election of 1824

• Jackson clearly expected to win, figuring that
  the House would act to confirm his strong showing
• However, Clay, as Speaker of the House, used his
  influence to sway the vote to Adams

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The Controversial Election of 1824

• The Philadelphia Observer charged that Adams had
  made a secret deal to obtain Clays support
• Three days later, Adamss nomination of Clay as
  secretary of state seemed to confirm the charges
  of a corrupt bargain.

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The Election of 1828

• Jackson won every state in the South and West
• Adams won the electoral votes of every state in
  the North except Pennsylvania and part of New
  York
• The election results were a clear victory for
  Jackson

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The Age of Jackson

• Jacksons Appeal to the Common Citizen
• Jackson claimed he was of humble backgrounds
• Jackson was a wealthy plantation owner

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The Age of Jackson

• Spoils System
• Incoming officials throw out former appointees
  and replace them with their own friends

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What does the cartoonist imply?
That Andrew Jackson was corrupt and foolish for
rewarding party loyalty with government jobs
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The Age of Jackson

• Favored a rotational system of staffing the
  government
• Gave away huge numbers of jobs to friends and
  political allies

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The Indian Crisis

• Jackson favored the forcible removal and
  relocation westward on reservations
• Using harassment and bribery, Jacksons Admin.
  Forced many of the Indian Nations to march west
  to present day Oklahoma

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The Indian Crisis

• Occupied massive amounts of land in Georgia, the
  Carolinas, Alabama, Mississippi, and Tennessee
• Farmers and miners wanted the land of the five
  civilized tribes

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The Indian Crisis

• Indian Removal Act of 1830
• Five Civilized Nations Cherokee, Chickasaw,
  Creek, Choctaw, Seminole
• Federal government provided funds to negotiate
  treaties that would force the Native Americans to
  move west

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The Indian Crisis

• Jackson stated the removal policy was, not only
  liberal, but generous, because it would enable
  native Americans to maintain their way of life

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Trail of Tears

• Cherokee Nation tried to fight Indian Removal Act
  through the courts
• Chief Justice John Marshall refused to rule on
  first case brought against Georgia
• Cherokee nation had no federal standing
• Neither foreign nation or a state

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Trail of Tears

• Worcester v. Georgia 1832
• Samuel Austin Worcester- missionary
• Court recognized Cherokee nation as a distinct
  political community of people

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Trail of Tears

• SC ruled Georgia was not entitled to regulate
  lands and remove Indians
• Jackson replied by stating
• John Marshall has made his decision now let him
  enforce it.

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Analyze Political Cartoons King Andrew Jackson
Political Cartoons King Andrew Jackson
ANALYZE
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Trail of Tears

• By 1837, the Jackson administration had removed
  46,000 Native American people from their land
  east of the Mississippi
• Opening 25 million acres of land to white
  settlement and to slavery

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Trail of Tears Cause, Effect and Justification

• Compare the following maps that illustrate the
  land holdings of the Cherokee people at specific
  times in history

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Trail of Tears Cause, Effect and Justification
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Focus Question

• What major political issues emerged during the
  1830s?

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The Nullification Crisis

• 1828 Congress passed a high tariff
• Know as the Tariff of Abomination
• drive up duties to as high as 45 while imposing
  heavy tariffs on raw materials like wool
• Disliked by southerners

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Calhoun Champions Nullification

• John C. Calhoun South Carolina
• Supported the idea that state have the right to
  nullify or void any federal law deemed
  unconstitutional
• South Carolina nullified the Tariff of 1828
• Prohibited the collection of tariff duties
• Threatened to secede from the nation
• Calhoun resigns the Vice Presidency becomes a
  Senator
• Pres. Jackson rejects South Carolinas
  nullification and threatens to force if necessary
  Force Bill passed

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The Bank War

• Jackson Opposes the Bank of the United States
  (BUS)
• Jacksonian Democrats opposed the national bank
  because they thought it favored the wealthy.
• In 1832, Henry Clay supported a bill for the
  rechartering of the BUSfour years early
• He felt that if Jackson signed it, hed alienate
  his followers, and if he vetoed it, hed lose the
  supports of the best people of the East.

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The Bank War

• Jackson vetoed the renewal of the BUS
• Declared the bank as unauthorized by the
  Constitution (despite political foe John
  Marshalls ruling that it was okay), and
  anti-American.
• The veto increased the power of the president by
  ignoring the Supreme Court and aligned the West
  against the East.

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The Whig Party Forms

• Henry Clay and Daniel Webster form the Whig party
  in response to Jacksons policies
• Believed in a strong national government
• Broad interpretation of the Constitution
• Challenged Jacksonian Democrats in local, state
  and national elections
• Election of 1832 Clay ran for Pres.
• Jackson won in a landslide

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Politics After Jackson

• Van Burens Presidency and the Panic of 1837
• The first president to have been born in America
• Inherited the depression caused by Jacksons BUS
  killing
• The panic of 1837 was caused by over speculation
  and the Bank War,
• Hundreds of banks fell, including some of
  Jacksons pet banks, banks that had received
  the money that Jackson had withdrawn from the BUS
  to kill it

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Daily Quiz
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The practice of rewarding political supporter
with government jobs became known as

• spoils system

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The Trail of Tears refers to the forced
relocation of the Cherokee and other Native
Americans to

• Oklahoma

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How did President Jackson react to Georgias
seizure of Cherokee lands?

• He sided with Georgia in defiance of the Supreme
  Court.

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Andrew Jackson found his greatest support among

• common people.

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Why did the United States government remove
Native Americans from the Southeast in the 1830s?

• White Southerners wanted the Native Americans
  valuable land

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How was the presidential election of 1824 decided

• By the House of Representatives

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Indian Removal A Clash of Diverse Cultures