Notes on Symbolism, Flashback and Foreshadowing

1
Notes on Symbolism, Flashback andForeshadowing
2
Symbols

• A concrete (tangible) object is used to represent
  an abstract (intangible) idea
• Ex A dove represents peace, but is an abstract
  idea (it cannot be experienced in the physical
  world), but the dove is a tangible object (it can
  be touched/seen) therefore it becomes a symbol of
  peace.
• Note Symbols are usually chosen because they
  resemble what they represent in some way. For
  example, a dove is a symbol for peace because it
  is a peaceful bird.

3
Denotation and Connotation

• Denotation exact, literal meaning of a word
• Connotation the denotative meaning of a word,
  plus suggested meanings that arise from ones own
  experiences and attitudes.
• Think of the meanings of plump/ voluptuous/obese
• Think of the meanings of thin/lean/skinny

4
Flashback

• A shift in the narrative form from the present
  time of the story to something that happened in
  the past.
• Note Flashback has a purpose. It is usually used
  to reveal more information about a character or
  the conflict in the story.

5
Foreshadowing

• Hints or clues that are given to lead the reader
  to make an assumption about what will happen
  later in the story.
• Note Foreshadowing is usually used to lead the
  reader in the right direction however, hints are
  sometimes given to lead the reader away from the
  actual conclusion in order to have a surprise
  ending.

6
Other Terms

• Epiphany a moment of realization for a character
  in a short story.
• Note The author will often reveal information to
  the reader before the character becomes aware of
  it (dramatic irony). When the character realizes
  the truth, it becomes an epiphany.
• Cliché an expression that, through overuse, is
  no longer meaningful or expressive.
• Ex Live and Learn, What goes around comes
  around.

7
Other Terms

• Analogy a likeness shown between two things that
  are otherwise unlike.
• Ex A street light is like a star. Both provide
  light at night, both are in predictable
  locations, both are overhead, and both serve no
  function in the daytime.
• Paradox a statement that appears to be a
  contraction, but upon further examination bares
  some truth.
• Ex War is peace.
• Freedom is slavery.
• Ignorance is strength.
• (George Orwell, 1984)