Properties of Matter

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Properties of Matter
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Matter

• Matter is what the world is made of. All objects
  consists of Matter.

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General Properties of Matter include mass,
weight, volume, and density
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Mass

• Mass is the measure of inertia of an object and
  is measured by grams (g) and kilograms (kg)

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Weight

• Weight is the response of mass to the pull of
  gravity. Metric unit of weight is the newton (N).

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mass X 9.8 N Weight (on earth)What is your
weight on earth? (Remember 1 kg 2.2 lbs)
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Volume

• The amount of space an object takes up is called
  its volume.
• Volume is measured in liters (L), milliliters
  (mL), and cubic centimeters (cm3)

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Density

• Density is the mass per unit volume

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density mass / volume
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Problem

• If 96.5 grams of gold has a volume of 5 cubic
  centimeters, what is its density?

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Solution

• Step 1 Write the formula dm/v
  
• Step 2 Substitute given numbers and units
  d96.5 grams/ 5 cubic centimeters
• Step 3 Solve for unknown variable d 19.3 grams
  / cubic centimeters

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Practice Problems

• 1. If 96.5 grams of aluminum has a volume of 35
  cm3, what is the density of aluminum?
• 2. If the density of a diamond is 3.5 g / cm3,
  what would the mass be if the volume is 0.5 cm3?

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Density Lab

• Does it Float?

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Does it Float?

• The density of water is 1 gram per milliliter,
  1g/mL.
• If the objects density is greater than 1g/mL,
  then the object will sink.
• If the objects density is less than 1g/mL then
  it will float.

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Does it Float?

• In this activity you will measure the mass and
  volume of several objects to obtain the objects
  densities.
• Remember density mass / volume
• Volume of cube length X width X height
• Volume of cylinderpi r2 h
• pi3.14

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Remember

• 1 cubic centimeter 1 mL

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Volume of Cylinder

• Volume pi r2 h

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Volume of a Square or Cube

• Volume L x W x H

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Lab Report Format
Description Mass (g) Volume (mL) Density (g/mL) Does it float?







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Phases of Matter
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Matter can exist in 4 Phases

• Solid
• Liquid
• Gas
• Plasma

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Solids

• Crystalline Solids- particles are arranged in
  regular repeating patterns called crystals (i.e.
  salt, quartz)
• Amorphous solids- solids that lose their shape
  under certain conditions (i.e. tar, candle wax,
  glass)

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Crystals
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Amorphous SolidsCandle Wax
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Liquids

• Particles in a liquid are close together but are
  free to move.
• Have no definite shape but takes the shape of the
  container.
• Have a definite volume.
• Resistance of a liquid to flow is called
  viscosity.

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Liquid
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Gases

• Do not have a definite shape or definite volume.
• Boyles Law if volume is reduced pressure will
  increase. P1V1P2V2 or P1/P2V1/V2
• Charless Law if temperature of a gas changes
  but pressure is the same, then volume of the gas
  changes. T1V2T2V1 or T1/T2V1/V2

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Gas
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Plasma

• Rare on earth.
• The most common phase in the universe.
• Stars have matter in plasma phase (i.e. suns
  solar flare)
• Matter in plasma phase is high in energy and
  dangerous to living things.

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Plasma
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Plasma
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Phases of Matter Quiz

• How many phases can matter exist?
• Name the phases of matter.
• What is a crystalline solid? Give an example.

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Quiz

• What kind of solid is in the picture?

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Quiz

• What kind of matter phase is in the picture?

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Name the Phase
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Name the Phase
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Name the Phase
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Name the Phase
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Phase Changes

• Melting
• Freezing
• Vaporization
• Condensation
• Sublimation

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Phase Changes are Physical Changes
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Solid to Liquid

• Melting- is the change from solid to liquid

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Melting Point

• The temperature at which a solid changes to a
  liquid.
• Aluminum MP660 C

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Liquid To Solid

• Freezing- Occurs when a substance looses heat
  energy.

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Freezing Point

• The temperature at which a liquid changes to a
  solid
• Water FP0 C

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Liquid to Gas

• Vaporization- the change of a substance from a
  liquid to a gas

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Evaporation

• Vaporization at the surface of a liquid

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Boiling

• Process by which particles inside the liquid
  travel into the air.

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Boiling Point

• Temperature at which a liquid boils.
• BP of a liquid is related to pressure above it.
• Water BP 100 C
• Table Salt BP 1413 C
• Diamond BP 4200 C

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Gas to Liquid

• Condensation

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Solid to Gas

• Sublimation