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1
CHAPTER
NEW CHAPTER
Introduction to Matter
Everything that has mass and takes up space is
matter.
1.1
Matter has mass and volume.
1.2
Matter is made of atoms.
1.3
Matter combines to form different substances.
1.4
Matter exists in different physical states.
2
Matter has mass and volume.
1.1
matter
mass
weight
volume
Mass is a measure of how much matter an object
contains.
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Matter has mass and volume.
1.1
matter
mass
weight
volume
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Volume is the measure of the amount of space
matter occupies.
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matter
1.1
Matter has mass and volume.
matter
mass
weight
Anything that has mass and volume. Matter exists
ordinarily as a solid, a liquid, or a gas.
volume
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5
mass
1.1
Matter has mass and volume.
matter
mass
weight
A measure of how much matter an object is made of.
volume
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6
weight
1.1
Matter has mass and volume.
matter
mass
weight
The force of gravity on an object.
volume
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7
volume
1.1
Matter has mass and volume.
matter
mass
weight
An amount of three-dimensional space, often used
to describe the space that an object takes up.
volume
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KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
8
Matter is made of atoms.
1.2
An atom is the smallest basic unit of matter.
atom
Two or more atoms bonded together form a
molecule.
molecule
Atoms and molecules are always in motion.
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atom
1.2
Matter is made of atoms.
atom
molecule
The smallest particle of an element that has the
chemical properties of that element.
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10
molecule
1.2
Matter is made of atoms.
atom
molecule
A group of atoms that are held together by
covalent bonds so that they move as a single unit.
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11
Matter combines to form different substances.
1.3
Matter can be pure, such as an element (gold), or
a compound (water).
element
compound
mixture
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Matter combines to form different substances.
1.3
Matter can be pure, such as an element (gold), or
a compound (water).
element
Matter can be a mixture. Mixtures contain two or
more pure substances.
compound
mixture
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element
1.3
Matter combines to form different substances.
element
compound
A substance that cannot be broken down into a
simpler substance by ordinary chemical changes.
An element consists of atoms of only one type.
mixture
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compound
1.3
Matter combines to form different substances.
element
compound
A substance made up of two or more different
types of atoms bonded together.
mixture
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mixture
1.3
Matter combines to form different substances.
element
compound
A combination of two or more substances that do
not combine chemically but remain the same
individual substances. Mixtures can be separated
by physical means.
mixture
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16
Matter exists in different physical states.
1.4
Solids have a fixed volume and a fixed shape.
states of matter
solid
liquid
gas
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Matter exists in different physical states.
1.4
Solids have a fixed volume and a fixed shape.
states of matter
Liquids have a fixed volume but no fixed shape.
solid
liquid
gas
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18
Matter exists in different physical states.
1.4
Solids have a fixed volume and a fixed shape.
states of matter
Liquids have a fixed volume but no fixed shape.
solid
Gases have no fixed volume and no fixed shape.
liquid
gas
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19
Matter exists in different physical states.
1.4
Solids have a fixed volume and a fixed shape.
states of matter
Liquids have a fixed volume but no fixed shape.
solid
Gases have no fixed volume and no fixed shape.
liquid
gas
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states of matter
1.4
Matter exists in different physical states.
states of matter
solid
The different forms in which matter can exist.
Three familiar states are solid, liquid, and gas.
liquid
gas
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21
solid
1.4
Matter exists in different physical states.
states of matter
solid
Matter that has a definite shape and a definite
volume. The molecules in a solid are in fixed
positions and are close together.
liquid
gas
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liquid
1.4
Matter exists in different physical states.
states of matter
solid
Matter that has a definite volume but does not
have a definite shape. The molecules in a liquid
are close together but not bound to one another.
liquid
gas
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gas
1.4
Matter exists in different physical states.
states of matter
solid
Matter with no definite volume and no definite
shape. The molecules in a gas are very far apart,
and the amount of space between them can change
easily.
liquid
gas
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24
1.1
Matter has mass and volume.
I. Matter has mass and volume.
matter
A. All objects are made of matter.
mass
B. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter.
weight
1. Measuring Mass
volume
2. Measuring Weight
C. Volume is a measure of the space matter
occupies.
1. Determining Volume by Formula
2. Measuring Volume by Displacement
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KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
25
Matter is made of atoms.
1.2
II. Matter is made of atoms.
atom
A. Atoms are extremely small.
molecule
1. Atoms
2. Molecules
B. Atoms and molecules are always in motion.
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KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
26
Matter combines to form different substances.
1.3
III. Matter combines to form different substances.
element
A. Matter can be pure or mixed.
compound
1. Elements
mixture
2. Compounds
3. Mixtures
4. Comparing Mixtures and Compounds
B. Parts of mixtures can be the same or different
throughout.
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Matter exists in different physical states.
1.4
IV. Matter exists in different physical states.
states of matter
A. Particle arrangement and motion determine the
state of matter.
solid
liquid
B. Solid, liquid, and gas are common states of
matter.
gas
C. Solids have a definite volume and shape.
D. Liquids have a definite volume but no definite
shape.
E. Gases have no definite volume or shape.
1. Gas Composition
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2. Gas Behavior
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
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CHAPTER
NEW CHAPTER
Properties of Matter
Matter has properties that can be changed by
physical and chemical processes.
2.1
Matter has observable properties.
2.2
Changes of state are physical changes.
2.3
Properties are used to identify substances.
39
Matter has observable properties.
2.1
Physical properties can be observed without
changing the substance.
physical property
Physical changes can change some physical
properties but do not change the substance.
density
physical change
chemical property
chemical change
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40
Matter has observable properties.
2.1
Physical properties can be observed without
changing the substance.
physical property
Physical changes can change some physical
properties but do not change the substance.
density
physical change
Chemical properties describe how substances
form new substances.
chemical property
Chemical changes create new substances.
chemical change
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physical property
2.1
Matter has observable properties.
physical property
density
physical change
A characteristic of a substance that can be
observed without changing the identity of the
substance.
chemical property
chemical change
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42
density
2.1
Matter has observable properties.
physical property
density
physical change
A property of matter representing the mass per
unit volume.
chemical property
chemical change
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43
physical change
2.1
Matter has observable properties.
physical property
density
physical change
A change in a substance that does not change the
substance into a different one.
chemical property
chemical change
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44
chemical property
2.1
Matter has observable properties.
physical property
density
physical change
A characteristic of a substance that describes
how it can form a new substance.
chemical property
chemical change
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45
chemical change
2.1
Matter has observable properties.
physical property
density
physical change
A change of one substance into another substance.
chemical property
chemical change
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46
Changes of states are physical changes.
2.2
Matter is commonly found in three states solid,
liquid, and gas.
melting
melting point
freezing
freezing point
Solid
Liquid
evaporation
sublimation
boiling
boiling point
condensation
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Gas
Liquid
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47
melting
2.2
Changes of states are physical changes.
melting
melting point
freezing
The process by which a substance changes from its
solid state to its liquid state.
freezing point
evaporation
sublimation
boiling
boiling point
condensation
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KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
48
melting point
2.2
Changes of states are physical changes.
melting
melting point
freezing
The temperature at which a substance changes from
its solid state to its liquid state through
melting.
freezing point
evaporation
sublimation
boiling
boiling point
condensation
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49
freezing
2.2
Changes of states are physical changes.
melting
melting point
freezing
The process by which a substance changes from its
liquid state into its solid state.
freezing point
evaporation
sublimation
boiling
boiling point
condensation
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50
freezing point
2.2
Changes of states are physical changes.
melting
melting point
freezing
The temperature at which a substance changes from
its liquid state to its solid state through
freezing.
freezing point
evaporation
sublimation
boiling
boiling point
condensation
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51
evaporation
2.2
Changes of states are physical changes.
melting
melting point
freezing
A process by which a substance changes from its
liquid state to its gas state by random particle
movement. Evaporation usually occurs at the
surface of a liquid over a wide range of
temperatures.
freezing point
evaporation
sublimation
boiling
boiling point
condensation
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52
sublimation
2.2
Changes of states are physical changes.
melting
melting point
freezing
The process by which a substance changes directly
from its solid state to its gas state without
becoming a liquid first.
freezing point
evaporation
sublimation
boiling
boiling point
condensation
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KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
53
boiling
2.2
Changes of states are physical changes.
melting
melting point
freezing
A process by which a substance changes from its
liquid state to its gas state. The liquid is
heated to a specific temperature at which bubbles
of vapor form within the liquid.
freezing point
evaporation
sublimation
boiling
boiling point
condensation
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54
boiling point
2.2
Changes of states are physical changes.
melting
melting point
freezing
The temperature at which a substance changes from
its liquid state to its gas state through boiling.
freezing point
evaporation
sublimation
boiling
boiling point
condensation
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KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
55
condensation
2.2
Changes of states are physical changes.
melting
melting point
freezing
The process by which a gas changes into a liquid.
freezing point
evaporation
sublimation
boiling
boiling point
condensation
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KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
56
Properties are used to identify substances.
2.3
Physical properties that can be used to identify
substances include
density
heating properties
solubility
electric properties
magnetic properties
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Mixtures can be separated by using the properties
of the substances they contain.
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2.1
Matter has observable properties.
I. Matter has observable properties.
physical property
A. Physical properties describe a substance.
density
1. Physical Properties
physical change
2. Density
chemical property
3. Physical Changes
chemical change
B. Chemical properties describe how substances
form new substances.
1. Chemical Properties and Changes
2. Signs of a Chemical Change
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58
Changes of states are physical changes.
2.2
II. Changes of states are physical changes.
melting
A. Matter can change from one state to another.
melting point
B. Solids can become liquids, and liquids can
become solids.
freezing
freezing point
1. Melting
evaporation
2. Freezing
sublimation
C. Liquids can become gases, and gases can become
liquids.
boiling
boiling point
1. Evaporation
condensation
2. Boiling
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3. Condensation
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
59
Properties are used to identify substances.
2.3
III. Properties are used to identify substances.
A. Substances have characteristic properties.
1. Identifying Unknown Substances
2. Properties Used for Identifying Substances
B. Mixtures can be separated by using the
properties of the substances in them.
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60
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Gas
Liquid
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