10 pt

1
Chemical Reactions
Enzymes
Cellular Respiration
Photo- synthesis
ATP Photo
5 pt
5 pt
5 pt
5 pt
5 pt
10 pt
10 pt
10 pt
10 pt
10 pt
15 pt
15 pt
15 pt
15 pt
15 pt
20 pt
20 pt
20 pt
20 pt
20 pt
25 pt
25 pt
25 pt
25 pt
25 pt
2
Explain the difference between exergonic
endergonic reactions. Give an example of each.
Which is more likely to occur?

3
Exergonic reactions release energy(cellular
respiration) while endergonic reactions
(photosynthesis)absorb reactions. Exergonic rxn
most likely to occur.
4
Give the overall reactions of cellular
respiration photosynthesis.
5
Cellular Respiration 6O2 C6H12O6 ? 6CO2
6H2O EnergyPhotosynthesis 6CO2 6H2O
Energy ? 6O2 C6H12O6
6
What are the laws of thermodynamics?
7
Energy can never be created or destroyed. Energy
transfer leads to less organization or increase
in entropy
8
What is activation energy how do enzymes affect
it?
9
Amount of energy needed to begin any chemical
reaction. Enzymes lower the amount of energy
needed.
10
List the chemical reactions steps of cellular
respiration photosynthesis.
11
CR with oxygen glycolysis, krebs cycle, electron
transport chainPhoto light dependent
reactions, light independent reactions(Calvin
cyle).
12
What is the enzyme-substrate complex? Do enzymes
follow lock key or induced fit?
13
Enzyme-substrate complex is when a specific
substrate changes the shape slightly of the
active site of an enzyme to allow for the
chemical reaction.
14
What can alter enzyme activity?
15
Temperature, pH, amount of substrate, shape of
substrate
16
Explain how competitive inhibition
noncompetitive inhibition work.
17
competitive inhibition Different molecules,
similar in shape compete for the active site of
the enzyme noncompetitive inhibition
allosteric regulators bind to a site distinct
from the active site causing a change in the
enzyme shape
18
What is feedback inhibition?Give an example.
19
end product of a allosteric reaction can then act
like an inhibitor.For example a lot of ATP in
cells well stop the process of cellular
respiration
20
Explain the results of the Lactase lab.
21
Lactase breaks down lactose into the
monosaccarides glucose galactoseMilk had
some amounts of glucoseMilk enzyme had a lot
of glucoseMilk boiled enzyme did not have a
lot of glucose since the enzyme was denatured
could not go through the reactionSucrose
solution could not be broken down since it was in
incorrect enzyme
22
When is carbon dioxide being released?
23
During the Krebs Cycle Creating Acetyl CoA
24
What are the products of glycolysis? Where does
it occur in the cell?
25
Pyruvic acid, net of 2 ATP, 2 NADH
26
How do aerobic anaerobic respiration differ?
What are the 2 types of anaerobic respiration?
27
Aerobic with oxygen , creates water as waste,
creates NADH a lot of ATPAnaerobic without
oxygen, little ATP, can create alcohol or acid as
waste, uses NADH
28
Explain the difference between substrate
phosphorylation oxidative phosphorylation?
Which produces more energy?
29
substrate phosphorylation directly creates ATP
from glucose molecules with the help of enzymes
oxidative phosphorylation occurs during
chemiosmosis when NADH FADH2 are oxidized
during the e- transport chain which pumps them to
one side creating a proton gradient
30
Draw a mitochondrion label where Krebs ETC
occur. Draw label what occurs in each part of
a chloroplast.
31
(No Transcript)
32
Describe an autotroph a heterotroph.
33
Autotroph creates own energyHeterotroph
consumes other organisms for energy
34
Explain the importance of the palisade
parenchyma, cuticle the stomates.
35
palisade parenchyma full of chloroplasts
capture light for photosynthesis cuticle
prevent water loss, decrease transpiration
stomates allow for gas exchange
36
What molecule is oxidized during light reactions?
What molecule is reduced? What is it used for?
37
Water is oxidized NADP is reduced to NADPH to
use during light independent reactions
38
What pigments capture light? How do they
differ?How do the 2 photosystems differ?
39
Chlorophyll a Chlorophyll b capture different
wavelengths of lightVery much related to
photosystem II which captures wavelength up to
680nm while photosystem I can capture wavelengths
up to 700nm
40
Explain the difference between cyclic noncyclic
photophosphorylation.
41
Cyclic only creates ATP with excited
e-Noncyclic uses an ETC to create a H
gradient by splitting water to create ATP NAPH
42
What is ATP? Structurally?Where is ATP synthase
located?
43
Adenosine triphosphate adenosine, ribose sugar,
3 phosphate groups (unstable)Along thylakoid
membrane cristae of mitochondria
44
How many ATP are created per NADH FADH2?In
cells what can ATP be used for specifically?
45
NADH creates 3 ATPs while FADH2 creates 2
ATPsATP can be used for active transport,
synthesis of proteins nucleic acids, light
nervous system neurotransmitters
46
Explain how C3 C4 are different. Which can
handle higher levels of oxygen low levels of
CO2? Why?
47
C4 can handle lower levels of CO2 since they use
another enzyme PEP to convert malate back to CO2
to use for photosynthesis, create glucose using
oxaloacetate 4-carbon moleculeC3 plants use
RuBP make a 3-carbon molecule to convert into
glucosecan begin using O2 ?
48
How does CAM photosynthesis work? How does it
differ from C4 plants?
49
CAM (crassulacean acid metabolism) can occur at
night. CAM photosynthesis uses PEP carboxylase to
fix CO2 to oxaloacetate but instead of converting
into malate its converted into malic acid which
converted back into oxaloacetate and CO2 to be
used for Calvin cycle
50
List the factors that affect photosynthesis.Expla
in how it related to the lab.
51
Light intensity, temp, water.As light intensity
increased (to an extent) so did the rate of
photosynthesis since oxygen waste increased
allowing the leafs to become less dense than the
water allowing them to float.