States of Matter

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States of Matter

• Not to be confused with States that Matter.Like
  Florida for example

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What is Matter

• Matter has many definitions, but the most common
  is that it is any substance which has mass and
  occupies space.
• Matter is any substance which has mass and
  occupies space.

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Matter

• What are substances made of?
• Atoms
• Comes from the Greek word atomos meaning
  indivisible
• The smallest component of an element having the
  chemical properties of the element.

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Matter

• Groups of atoms form molecules.
• The simplest unit of a chemical substance.
• A group of two or more atoms

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Matter

• An atom consists of a negatively charged
  electron(e-) cloud that surrounds a dense
  nucleus.
• The nucleus contains positively charged
  protons(P) and electrically neutral neutrons.
  (N)

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An Atom
http//www.sciencewithmrmilstid.com/media/atom.jpg
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Matter

• The Kinetic Theory
• Atoms are always in motion.
• The amount of motion dictates matters state

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The Three States of Matter

• Solid
• Particles are fixed in position but still vibrate
• A solid is poorly compressed and changes volume
  only slightly.
• Particles can not move past each other.

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The Three States of Matter

• Liquid
• Particles will flow and take the shape of any
  container.
• A liquid is poorly compressed and changes volume
  only slightly.
• Particles are free to move around each other.

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The Three States of Matter

• Gas
• Particles will flow and take the shape of any
  container.
• Volume of a gas is dependent of the size of the
  contained and is easily compressed.
• Particles are free to move around each other.

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The Kinetic Theorymore proof

• Diffusion
• The movement of particles form high concentration
  to low concentration.

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More Kinetic Theory

• Kinetic energy -the energy of motion
• Heating a solid causes its particles to vibrate
  faster, thus kinetic energy increases.
• As kinetic energy increases, particles break away
  from each other and move more freely. Eventually
  if the particles of a solid have enough kinetic
  energy, the solid melts.

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More Kinetic Theory

• If you continue to heat, kinetic energy increases
  even more and the particles move away from each
  other and the substance turns to gas.

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More Kinetic Theory
Kinetic Energy
Solid
Liquid
Gas
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Cheaters

• Sublimation Changing directly from solid to gas.

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More Kinetic Theory
Boiling or Condensing
The Temperature does not change during
Gas
Temperature
Freezing or Melting
Liquid
Solid
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Energy required to change phasefor water.
These can go on forever
100 oC
0 oC
100 oC
0 oC
These can go on forever
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Energy required to change phasefor water.
This requires 0.48 cal/g-degC
This requires 1.00 cal/g-degC
This requires 540.0 cal/g
This requires 80.0 cal/g
This requires 0.50 cal/g-degC