Title: Understanding life processes
1Understanding life processes
- Wildlife Biology Ecosystems
2Next Generation Science / Common Core Standards
Addressed!
- HS-LS2-1. Use mathematical and/or computational
representations to support explanations of
factors that affect carrying capacity of
ecosystems at different scales. Clarification
Statement Emphasis is on quantitative analysis
and comparison of the relationships among
interdependent factors including boundaries,
resources, climate and competition. Examples of
mathematical comparisons could include graphs,
charts, histograms, and population changes
gathered from simulations or historical data sets.
3Bell Work / Objectives
- Explain important life processes of wildlife
organisms. - Describe the life span stages of wildlife.
- Distinguish between feeding groups.
- Describe how ecosystems are important in wildlife
biology.
4Terms
- Abiotic factor
- Biophage
- Biotic factor
- Carnivore
- Circulation
- Digestion
- Ecosystem
- Elimination
- Food
- Food chain
- Food web
- Growth
- Herbivore
- Ingestion
- Life processes
- Life span
- Locomotion
- omnivore
5Terms
- Photosynthesis
- Reproduction
- Respiration
- Saprophage
- Secretion
- Sensation
6Age of a Tree
- How is the age of a tree determined?
- Estimate the age of this tree.
- How does a trees age reflect the life cycle of
the tree? - Observe a fish scale.
- What are the layered edges of a fish scale?
- Are the layers present?
7What are the life processes of wildlife
organisms? Why are these important?
- Life Processes essential functions of a living
organism in order to remain in the living
condition. - Supporting life processes is a part of managing
wildlife populations. - When life processes stop, an organism dies.
- There are eight life processes used in wildlife
science.
8The 8 Life Processes
- Growth
- Food (Ingestion, Digestion, Elimination)
- Circulation
- Respiration
- Secretion
- Sensation
- Locomotion
- Reproduction
9Life Processes - Growth
- The process of an organism increasing in size by
adding cells, by the cells getting larger, or by
replacing cells. - With young organisms, growth is primarily adding
cells to increase size. - With mature organisms, growing new cells is
needed to replace those that are lost. - Growth requires food with essential nutrients.
10Life Processes - Food
- Any substance that nourishes an organism
- Animals get their food by swallowing, otherwise
known as ingestion. - Once ingested, digestion occurs.
- Digestion process that changes food into forms
that can be absorbed by the animal.
11Life Processes - Food
- After digestion, elimination occurs.
- Elimination remaining food materials are
expelled from the body. (waste) - Plants make their food by the process of
photosynthesis.
12Life Processes - Circulation
- Movement of substances within an organism
- Food nutrients, digested food, and other
substances are involved in circulation. - Animals have a circulatory system that involves
the heart, and blood vessels.
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14Life Processes - Respiration
- Process by which an organism provides its cells
with food and oxygen. - Oxygen and carbon dioxide are the two primary
substances important in respiration. - Animals use structures, such as lungs and gills,
for respiration.
15Life Processes - Secretion
- Production within an organism of substances
needed for life processes. - Specialized body structures, known as glands, are
often responsible for secretion of hormones or
have other specific functions.
16Life Processes - Sensation
- Ability of an organism to feel or otherwise
gather information and respond to its
environment. - Animals sensation is easier to understand than
plants. - Animals typically have touch, taste, sight,
smell, and hearing.
17Life Processes - Locomotion
- The movement of an animal from one place to
another. - All organisms have some type of movement. Both
internal and external. - Internal movements are needed for an organism to
carry out life processes.
18Life Processes Reproduction
- Process by which organisms give rise to new
organisms of the same species. - This is not a life process that is essential for
living however it is essential for a species to
perpetuate itself. - Reproduction may involve sexual or asexual
reproduction.
19What are the life span stages of wildlife?
- Life Span
- The period of life of an organism which includes
five stages. - Beginning / Birth
- Growth Development
- Maturity
- Decline
- Death
205 Life Span Stages
- The first stage is the Beginning/Birth
- With animals, life span begins with birth or
hatching. - Most animal babies require some support from
their mothers, although some can live without
care provided.
215 Life Span Stages
- The second stage is Growth Development.
- New organisms grow and develop rapidly to reach
maturity. - If nutritious food is available in an organisms
environment, they will typically grow even faster.
225 Life Span Stages
- The third stage is Maturity.
- Mature organisms are fully developed, although
some additional growth or changes may occur. - Maturity includes the ability to reproduce.
235 Life Span Stages
- The fourth stage is Decline
- Eventually, organisms begin to lose their ability
to maintain themselves, and aging sets in. - Life processes may occur at a slower rate and the
organisms loses its strength and weakens.
245 Life Span Stages
- The fifth stage is Death.
- Death is the end of the life of an organism.
- The protoplasm in its cells is no longer active.
- Upon death, an organism decays and the nutrients
return to the earth to support future life.
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26What are the different feeding groups?
- There are two ways feeding groups are classified.
- Feeding groups can be classified by whether what
they eat is living or dead. - Feeding groups can also be based on food material
that they eat.
27Classification based on food that is living or
dead.
- Biophage wildlife animal that eats living
plants or animals. - Saprophage wildlife animal that eats dead
animals or plants. - They are sometimes known as scavengers. (turkey
vulture)
28Classification based on food material.
- Herbivore wildlife animal that eats only plant
food material. - Carnivore wildlife animal that eats only the
flesh of other animals. Carnivores are usually
the larger animals that prey on the smaller
animals. - Omnivore wildlife animal that eats both plant
and animal material.
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30What is an ecosystem? How are they important in
wildlife biology?
- Ecosystem the community of living and nonliving
things in a particular environment or area. - Ecosystems may be large or small and include air,
water, and land. - Ecosystems are always changing. If a drastic
change occurs, an organism is forced ot seek a
new place to live or it dies.
31What are the two major factors in an ecosystem?
- Biotic Factors a living organism, such as an
animal or plant. Biotic factors depend on the
abiotic factors for life-giving needs. - Abiotic Factors nonliving things, such as
water, sunlight, and soil. Without abiotic
factors, organisms cannot live.
32Ecosystems
- Ecosystems have an organized energy transfer
system. - A Food Chain is the sequence in a community in
which animal wildlife species get their food. All
species have different food chains. - The differences in the food chains form unique,
interconnected food webs.
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35Review / Summary
- What are the life processes of wildlife
organisms? - Why are they important?
- What are the life span stages of wildlife?
- What are the different feeding groups?
- What is an ecosystem?
- How are they important in wildlife biology?
36The End!