Aerospace%20Education%20

1
Aerospace Education Research in the Area of
Design Diamond Jubilee Lectures
2003-04Department of Aerospace
EngineeringIndian Institute of Science, Bangalore

• K. Sudhakar
• Centre for Aerospace Systems Design Engineering
• Indian Institute of Technology
• Mumbai 400 076
• October 30, 2003

2
Year 1997

• Technology Perspective The Next Decade
• Aeronautics Research Development Board
• ARDB/TC/001, May 1997
• Suggested centres of excellence to be
• supported by ARDB are
• CFD
• Advanced Composites
• Systems Design Engineering ? ?

3
Years 1990 -1997

• Aerospace Design as a discipline at IITB
• Specialization dropped
• Courses had tapered off
• Design, Build Or Open ended problems shunned
• No research interest among faculty

?

• March 1998 ARDB Sanction arrives

4
CASDE July 1998

• Mission 
• CASDE shall strive to develop and retain strong
  links with
• Indian Aerospace Industry and shall engage in
  RD activities with worldwide visibility

http//www.casde.iitb.ac.in/
5
Objectives of CASDE

• M. Tech Programme in Systems Design Engineering
• Modeling Simulation Laboratory
• System Design Methodologies
• Awareness Creation

6
M. Tech in Systems Design Engineering

• What do others teach?
• What can draw / retain student interest?
• What will faculty want to teach?
• What will industry want?
• What all should be taught?
• Form a composite team
• Brain-storming session

http//www.casde.iitb.ac.in/History/PastEvents/lon
avla/odw-see.pdf
7
M. Tech in Systems Design Engineering

• Courses of study
• System Modeling Simulation
• Optimization for Engineering Design
• Systems Engineering Principles
• Statistical Methods for Analysis Design
• Multi-disciplinary Design Optimization (MDO)
• Applied Mechatronics (hands on course)  
• System Level Studies RC Model Aircraft
• Also available as short courses
• Coordinates a Special Interest Group on MDO
  (SIG-MDO)

http//www.casde.iitb.ac.in/edu/batch_2003/curricu
lum.htm
8
Laboratory and Other Infrastructure

• Wind tunnel balance
• Propulsion system test facilities
• IMS Laboratory ? http//www.casde.iitb.ac.in/IM
  SL/
• COTS sensors, actuators, . . . .
• R/C Model construction facilities, training
• Data acquisition cards
• Software

9
IMS Laboratory
http//www.casde.iitb.ac.in/IMSL/resources.html
10
Launch Vehicle Simulator from VSSC
http//www.casde.iitb.ac.in/IMSL/vssc.html
11
Applied Mechatronics

• Hands on course
• 2 hrs lecture 3 hrs lab per week
• 2 projects

http//www.casde.iitb.ac.in/Mechatronics/
12
Student Projects
Appreciated
http//www.casde.iitb.ac.in/IMSL/student-projects.
html
13
ME Dual Degree Project HILS

• Flight Dynamics sensor models
• RTLinux Comedi
• Real time simulation
• Choose WP NGC
• On-board Computer?
• Use hobby grade actuators
• Out of window display

http//www.casde.iitb.ac.in/Publications/pdfdoc/vi
shisht-DDP-2003.pdf
14
Flapping Wing Flight

• Dual-Degree Project in Aero Flapping wing
• Unsteady aerodynamics for prescribed motion
• Aero elastic analysis for prescribed actuation
• Wing construction - Polyurethane foam. (IDC)
• Actuation mechanism for testing. (Robotics)

• B. Tech Project in Robotics
• (Robotics group)
• Mechanism design
• Kinematics prescribed
• Loads prescribed

15
Awareness Creation - 2003

• January - CEP in Applied Mechatronics
• February - 3rd Meeting of SIG-MDO
• April - Workshop on MDO _at_DRDL
• August - Brainstorming on System Analysis
• September - Int. Conf. MSO-DMES

16
We also!

• Traveling Course on Design, Build and Fly.
  (CASDEADA) Student Projects as Case Studies.
• http//www.casde.iitb.ac.in/IMSL/des-bld-fly.ht
  ml
• Naval Institute of Aeronautical Technology,
  Cochin.
• Dept. of Aerospace Engineering, MIT, Chennai
• Dept. of Aerospace Engineering, Parks College of
  Eng.,Coimbatore
• AeSI Wright Flyer Design Competition. (CASDEADA)
• http//www.casde.iitb.ac.in/we-also/des-comp/

17
We also!

• AeSI Schools Outreach Programme. (CASDEADA)
• 30 events, 103 Schools, 5,600 students
• (Good part of events by CASDE)
• http//www.casde.iitb.ac.in/we-also/school-out
  reach/

18
http//www.casde.iitb.ac.in/MDO/
19
Systems Engineering Process
Context
Super System
Requirements to lower level
System
Solution from lower level
Sub System

• Level 1 Good understanding of system
  knowledge base, heuristic
• Computationally less
  expensive
• Usually not available for
  new systems.
• Level 3 Physics based modeling
  computationally intensive,
• applicable to new systems
  (VV?)

20
CASDE Activities

• Research activity
• High fidelity models in design loop ( CFD, . .)
• Multi-Disciplinary Analysis (MDA) leading to
• Multi-disciplinary Design Optimization (MDO)

21
Challenges!

• Human / Admin
• People coming together (Design, A/D, Str, Prop,
  Controls)
• Synchronizing funds (taken care of by ARDB)
• Technical
• Non-availability of disciplinary codes
• Neither here nor there!

22
MDO Elements

• Architectures
• Sensitivity Analysis
• Surrogate Modeling
• Variable Complexity

23
MDO Elements

• Architectures
• Sensitivity Analysis
• Surrogate Modeling
• Variable Complexity

24
MDO Elements

• Architectures
• Sensitivity Analysis
• Surrogate Modeling
• Variable Complexity

25
User Supplied Gradients
26
User Symbolic Maths
27
Automatic Extraction of Formulae
28
Gradients by ADIFOR
29
ADIFOR Ver 2.0

• First applied to VLM
• Recently to 3-D Euler
• Multiblock, Structured grid
• Central difference, FVM
• JST scheme of artificial dissipation.
• Multistage Runge-Kutta schemes.
• Implicit residual smoothing and local time
  stepping

Original Code ADIFORed Code
No of lines 4,090 11,889
Exec. time (min) 6.58 28.25
30
ADIFOR Ver 2.0

• 3D Euler
• ONERA M6 Wing

? Error in Finite Difference Estimate of d(L/D)/d? Error in Finite Difference Estimate of d(L/D)/d? Error in Finite Difference Estimate of d(L/D)/d? Error in Finite Difference Estimate of d(L/D)/d?
? ??0.2 ??0.02 ??0.002 ??0.0002
3.06 38.10 4.44 7.08 77.25
4.11 2.46 1.73 1.56 15.09
31
MDO Elements

• Architectures
• Sensitivity Analysis
• Surrogate Modeling
• Variable Complexity

32
MDO Elements

• Architectures
• Sensitivity Analysis
• Surrogate Modeling
• Variable Complexity

33
Design / MDO Studies

• WingOpt
• 3D Duct
• Hypersonic Vehicle
• Design under uncertainty

34
MDO of Transport Aircraft Wing
35
3-D Duct Design
36
3D-Duct Design Using High Fidelity Analysis

• Low Fidelity Design Criteria
• Wall angle lt 6
• Diffusion angle lt 3
• 6 REQ lt ROC
• Fluent for CFD
• RSM / DOE
• DACE

37
Parameterization of HSTDV Body
Design variables XD ?1, ?2, ?3 , ?n_plan , ?wc
, wfac_pl, tfac_pl,, Hcruise
38
Hypersonic Vehicle Discipline
Interactions
Analysis Model
Output
Input variable
Ext. Compression Model AM1
?1
Y1 l1, l2, l3, h1, h2, h3 Y2 ma , MI, ?, pst
Y1
?2
Ext. Configuration Model AM2
Y3 (X,Y,Z) Y4 TOGW , C.G., Vol, Fuel mass
?3
Aero Model AM3
Y5 CN, Cm, CA
?n_pl
Trim Model AM4
Y6 TOGW_up, ?T , ?T , D
?w_c
SW
Thrust Model AM5
Y7 Th_deliv, Lp, Mp
ST
Hcr
Performance Model AM6
Y8 Cruise Range
?n_pl, SW ?1, Hcr
Variables not shared
Y1 Response from AM1 required as
input in AM2
Shared variables
39
MDO-Framework
40
http//www.casde.iitb.ac.in/MDO/
41
Publications
2000 2001 2002 2003
Journal 0 1 32 11
International Conferences 0 1 6 5
Core faculty 4
42
Thank You
43
Analysis for Design
44
MDO-Architectures
45
MDO-Architectures
Analysis ?
Y12
? Evaluator
46
MDO-Architectures
z, y12, y21
47
3D-Duct Design Using High Fidelity Analysis

• Low Fidelity Design Criteria
• Wall angle lt 6
• Diffusion angle lt 3
• 6 REQ lt ROC
• Fluent for CFD
• RSM / DOE
• DACE

48
3D-Duct Design Using High Fidelity Analysis

• Low Fidelity Design Criteria
• Wall angle lt 6
• Diffusion angle lt 3
• 6 REQ lt ROC
• Fluent for CFD
• RSM / DOE
• DACE

http//www.casde.iitb.ac.in/MDO/3d-duct/
49
MDA - System Analysis
50
Design Analysis of Computer Experiments

• Regression fit Stochastic process
• Single global fit
• Variability in prediction known and exploitable

51
Building Models Using DACE
5 predictive error
Use multi-modal GA to identify n highest
peaks. Test if they are higher than 5 Add
computer experiments at those spots
52
Design - Publications

• Journal of Aircraft
• Volume 40 Number 4
• July 2003
• Total number of papers - 22
• Number of papers addressing design - 4