Title: PREGNANCY%20COMPLICATIONS
1THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
2 PEOPLE
- Everyone has a photographic memory, its just
that some people dont have film.
3PREGNANCY
- DYSTOCIA Difficult birth or the inability to
expel the fetus through the birth canal without
assistance - Causes
- Abnormal fetal position or size
- Uterine inertia
- Narrowed birth canal
- Diagnosis
- Digital palpation of vagina
- Radiographs
- ultrasound
4PREGNANCY DYSTOCIA
- TREATMENT
- Manual manipulation a fetus lodged in the
vaginal canal can be manually dislodged. - For uterine inertia oxytocin injections result
in contraction of the uterine muscles also,
calcium preparations can be given - C-section
5PREGNANCY INAPPROPRIATE MATERNAL BEHAVIOR
- DAM SHOULD
- Allow nursing
- Grooming
- Stimulate CV,RS function
- Stimulates elimination and removal of waste
material - retrieving
- Protecting
- DAM SHOULD NOT
- Attack, kill, or cannibalize her young
- Be overly protective, restless, or aggressive
6PREGNANCY LACTATION DISORDERS
- Agalactia lack of milk production
- Causes include
- Stress, malnutrition, premature partuition, or
infection - Galactostasis milk stasis, which can result in
mastitis - Mastitis a septic inflammation of the mammary
gland - Clinical signs
- Pain, discolored milk, fever, reluctance to allow
nursing, abscessed glands
7PREGNANCY LACTATION DISORDERS
- Treatment for mastitis
- Antibiotics
- Warm compresses
- Do not allow nursing from affected glands
8OTHER REPRODUCTIVE DISORDERS
- PYOMETRA Literally pus in the uterus
- High levels of progesterone cause several changes
in the uterus - hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the endometrial
glands of the uterus - Decreased myometrial contractions
- Predisoposes the uterus to bacterial infection
- Most common bacteria isolated is E.coli
9PYOMETRA
- CLINICAL SIGNS
- Vulvar discharge
- Vomiting
- Dehydration
- PU/PD
- Azotemia
- DIAGNOSIS
- Radiology
- Ultrasound
- Bloodwork
- Ieukocytosis, neutrophilia with a left shift
(closed pyometra)
10PYOMETRA
This is a potentially life-threatening condition
11PYOMETRA
An open pyometra is when the Cervix is open and
allows drainage Of the pus
Preferred treatment is ovariohysterectomy As well
as antibiotics and fluid therapy
12PYOMETRA IN A RAT
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13VAGINITIS
- Definition an inflammatory process, not
necessarily infectious. - Prepuberal bitch (aka puppy vaginitis)
- VS.
-
- Adult vaginitis
14VAGINITIS
- PUPPY VAGINITIS
- Causes
- Inverted vulva
- Hormonal fluctuations
- Clinical signs
- Purulent vulvar discharge
- /- licking the vulva
- Treatments
- systemic antibiotics
- topical douching
- Signs will return when treatment is discontinued
- Condition resolves naturally after the first heat
cycle
15VAGINITIS
Inverted vulva
16VAGINITIS
- ADULT VAGINITIS
- Causes
- Anatomical abnormalities
- Canine herpesvirus
- Clinical signs
- purulent vulvar discharge
- /- licking the vulva
- peri-vulvar skin irritation or infection
- Perceived urinary incontinence
17VAGINAL HYPERPLASIA/PROLAPSE
- Hyperplasia/prolapse
- Occurs under the influence of estrogen
- Results in edematous vaginal tissue that
protrudes from the vulva - Treatment
- Ovariohysterectomy resolves the condition
permanently and is the tx of choice - Will usually resolve spontaneously but will recur
with subsequent estrous cycles
18VAGINAL HYPERPLASIA/PROLAPSE
19MAMMARY TUMORS
- Usually tumors of older intact females
- 50 of all tumors in female dogs
- 3rd most common tumor in cats
- Risk dramatically reduces with ovariohysterectomy
(lt1 if spayed before 1st heat) - 50 of canine tumors are benign
- Only 10-20 of feline tumors are benign
20MAMMARY TUMORS
Malignant tumors are usually fast
growing, Invasive and ulcerated. Benign tumors
are Often small and feel like a pea.
Surgical removal is advised for all Mammary
tumors. Biopsy is required To differentiate
benign from malignant tumors
21OVARIOHYSTERECTOMY
- Surgical removal of the ovaries and uterus
http//www.lbah.com/canine/spay.html
22 PEOPLE
- I love long walks, especially when theyre taken
by someone who annoys me.
23PROSTATIC DISEASES
- PROSTATE Sex gland in the dog and cat
- Located just caudal to the bladder, encircling
the proximal urethra at the neck of the bladder - Purpose is to produce a fluid as transport and
support medium for sperm during ejaculation
24PROSTATIC DISEASE
25BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA
- Caused by altered androgen/estrogen ratio
- Mild or no clinical signs
- Tenesmus
- Enlarged prostate but not painful
- TX
- Castration results in a 70 decrease in size
within 14 days
26BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA
27PROSTATITIS
- Bacterial prostatitis may be acute or chronic and
it affects sexually mature dogs - Clinical signs
- Lethargy
- Anorexia
- Diagnosis
- Urinalysis hematuria, increased white blood
cells, presence of bacteria - Treatment
- Antibiotics
- Castration
- Prostatitis can lead to abscessation
28NEOPLASIA of the male genital tract
- Prostatic neoplasia is uncommon, but all
prostatic neoplasms are malignant - Transmissible venereal tumor (TVT)
- Occurs only in the canine
- Spreads during sexual contact
- Tumors found on the penis, prepuce, and scrotum
- Cauliflower-like
- Treatment
- Chemotherapy
- Surgical removal of small localized masses
29TVT
These tumors are friable and bleed easily
30CRYPTORCHIDISM
- One or both testicles have been retained in the
abdomen or inguinal canal - Often the retained testicle is still functional
- Dog can still produce testoterone, show sexual
desire and breed - A testicular tumor known as sertoli cell tumor is
more common in retained testicles - These animal should not be bred
31CRYPTORCHIDISM
Two normal testicles
Unilateral cryptorchid
Treatment is castration testicle Should be
removed from the Abdomen or pushed down from The
inguinal canal
32CASTRATION
http//www.lbah.com/canine/dog_neuter.html
33References
- Alleice Summers, Common Diseases of Companion
Animals - http//www.vet.uga.edu/vpp/clerk/Beimborn/index.ph
p - http//veterinarycalendar.dvm360.com/avhc/article/
articleDetail.jsp?id727396pageID1skdate - http//www.vetmed.lsu.edu/eiltslotus/Theriogenolog
y-5361/the_normal_canine.htm
34References
- http//extension.missouri.edu/p/G9923