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PREGNANCY%20COMPLICATIONS

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... females ~50% of all tumors in female dogs 3rd most common ... NEOPLASIA of the male genital tract Prostatic ... PREGNANCY: LACTATION DISORDERS ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: PREGNANCY%20COMPLICATIONS


1
THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
  • PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS

2
PEOPLE
  • Everyone has a photographic memory, its just
    that some people dont have film.

3
PREGNANCY
  • DYSTOCIA Difficult birth or the inability to
    expel the fetus through the birth canal without
    assistance
  • Causes
  • Abnormal fetal position or size
  • Uterine inertia
  • Narrowed birth canal
  • Diagnosis
  • Digital palpation of vagina
  • Radiographs
  • ultrasound

4
PREGNANCY DYSTOCIA
  • TREATMENT
  • Manual manipulation a fetus lodged in the
    vaginal canal can be manually dislodged.
  • For uterine inertia oxytocin injections result
    in contraction of the uterine muscles also,
    calcium preparations can be given
  • C-section

5
PREGNANCY INAPPROPRIATE MATERNAL BEHAVIOR
  • DAM SHOULD
  • Allow nursing
  • Grooming
  • Stimulate CV,RS function
  • Stimulates elimination and removal of waste
    material
  • retrieving
  • Protecting
  • DAM SHOULD NOT
  • Attack, kill, or cannibalize her young
  • Be overly protective, restless, or aggressive

6
PREGNANCY LACTATION DISORDERS
  • Agalactia lack of milk production
  • Causes include
  • Stress, malnutrition, premature partuition, or
    infection
  • Galactostasis milk stasis, which can result in
    mastitis
  • Mastitis a septic inflammation of the mammary
    gland
  • Clinical signs
  • Pain, discolored milk, fever, reluctance to allow
    nursing, abscessed glands

7
PREGNANCY LACTATION DISORDERS
  • Treatment for mastitis
  • Antibiotics
  • Warm compresses
  • Do not allow nursing from affected glands

8
OTHER REPRODUCTIVE DISORDERS
  • PYOMETRA Literally pus in the uterus
  • High levels of progesterone cause several changes
    in the uterus
  • hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the endometrial
    glands of the uterus
  • Decreased myometrial contractions
  • Predisoposes the uterus to bacterial infection
  • Most common bacteria isolated is E.coli

9
PYOMETRA
  • CLINICAL SIGNS
  • Vulvar discharge
  • Vomiting
  • Dehydration
  • PU/PD
  • Azotemia
  • DIAGNOSIS
  • Radiology
  • Ultrasound
  • Bloodwork
  • Ieukocytosis, neutrophilia with a left shift
    (closed pyometra)

10
PYOMETRA
This is a potentially life-threatening condition
11
PYOMETRA
An open pyometra is when the Cervix is open and
allows drainage Of the pus
Preferred treatment is ovariohysterectomy As well
as antibiotics and fluid therapy
12
PYOMETRA IN A RAT
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13
VAGINITIS
  • Definition an inflammatory process, not
    necessarily infectious.
  • Prepuberal bitch (aka puppy vaginitis)
  • VS.
  • Adult vaginitis

14
VAGINITIS
  • PUPPY VAGINITIS
  • Causes
  • Inverted vulva
  • Hormonal fluctuations
  • Clinical signs
  • Purulent vulvar discharge
  • /- licking the vulva
  • Treatments
  • systemic antibiotics
  • topical douching
  • Signs will return when treatment is discontinued
  • Condition resolves naturally after the first heat
    cycle

15
VAGINITIS
Inverted vulva
16
VAGINITIS
  • ADULT VAGINITIS
  • Causes
  • Anatomical abnormalities
  • Canine herpesvirus
  • Clinical signs
  • purulent vulvar discharge
  • /- licking the vulva
  • peri-vulvar skin irritation or infection
  • Perceived urinary incontinence

17
VAGINAL HYPERPLASIA/PROLAPSE
  • Hyperplasia/prolapse
  • Occurs under the influence of estrogen
  • Results in edematous vaginal tissue that
    protrudes from the vulva
  • Treatment
  • Ovariohysterectomy resolves the condition
    permanently and is the tx of choice
  • Will usually resolve spontaneously but will recur
    with subsequent estrous cycles

18
VAGINAL HYPERPLASIA/PROLAPSE
19
MAMMARY TUMORS
  • Usually tumors of older intact females
  • 50 of all tumors in female dogs
  • 3rd most common tumor in cats
  • Risk dramatically reduces with ovariohysterectomy
    (lt1 if spayed before 1st heat)
  • 50 of canine tumors are benign
  • Only 10-20 of feline tumors are benign

20
MAMMARY TUMORS
Malignant tumors are usually fast
growing, Invasive and ulcerated. Benign tumors
are Often small and feel like a pea.
Surgical removal is advised for all Mammary
tumors. Biopsy is required To differentiate
benign from malignant tumors
21
OVARIOHYSTERECTOMY
  • Surgical removal of the ovaries and uterus

http//www.lbah.com/canine/spay.html
22
PEOPLE
  • I love long walks, especially when theyre taken
    by someone who annoys me.

23
PROSTATIC DISEASES
  • PROSTATE Sex gland in the dog and cat
  • Located just caudal to the bladder, encircling
    the proximal urethra at the neck of the bladder
  • Purpose is to produce a fluid as transport and
    support medium for sperm during ejaculation

24
PROSTATIC DISEASE
25
BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA
  • Caused by altered androgen/estrogen ratio
  • Mild or no clinical signs
  • Tenesmus
  • Enlarged prostate but not painful
  • TX
  • Castration results in a 70 decrease in size
    within 14 days

26
BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA
27
PROSTATITIS
  • Bacterial prostatitis may be acute or chronic and
    it affects sexually mature dogs
  • Clinical signs
  • Lethargy
  • Anorexia
  • Diagnosis
  • Urinalysis hematuria, increased white blood
    cells, presence of bacteria
  • Treatment
  • Antibiotics
  • Castration
  • Prostatitis can lead to abscessation

28
NEOPLASIA of the male genital tract
  • Prostatic neoplasia is uncommon, but all
    prostatic neoplasms are malignant
  • Transmissible venereal tumor (TVT)
  • Occurs only in the canine
  • Spreads during sexual contact
  • Tumors found on the penis, prepuce, and scrotum
  • Cauliflower-like
  • Treatment
  • Chemotherapy
  • Surgical removal of small localized masses

29
TVT
These tumors are friable and bleed easily
30
CRYPTORCHIDISM
  • One or both testicles have been retained in the
    abdomen or inguinal canal
  • Often the retained testicle is still functional
  • Dog can still produce testoterone, show sexual
    desire and breed
  • A testicular tumor known as sertoli cell tumor is
    more common in retained testicles
  • These animal should not be bred

31
CRYPTORCHIDISM
Two normal testicles
Unilateral cryptorchid
Treatment is castration testicle Should be
removed from the Abdomen or pushed down from The
inguinal canal
32
CASTRATION
http//www.lbah.com/canine/dog_neuter.html
33
References
  • Alleice Summers, Common Diseases of Companion
    Animals
  • http//www.vet.uga.edu/vpp/clerk/Beimborn/index.ph
    p
  • http//veterinarycalendar.dvm360.com/avhc/article/
    articleDetail.jsp?id727396pageID1skdate
  • http//www.vetmed.lsu.edu/eiltslotus/Theriogenolog
    y-5361/the_normal_canine.htm

34
References
  • http//extension.missouri.edu/p/G9923
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