The Cold War

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The Cold War

• THE BERLIN AIRLIFT AND THE FORMATION OF NATO

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Objectives

• Identify the terms NATO, Iron Curtain, and Berlin
  Airlift.
• Describe and analyze the events of the Berlin
  Airlift.

3
Lightning round review

• What is capitalism?
• What is communism?
• What was the Iron Curtain?

4
Europe after the war (1945)

• Europe was destroyed!
• The two powers that were still powerful were the
  U.S. and the Soviet Union.
• Since the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. were so different
  they tried really hard to influence the different
  countries in Europe.

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SPHERES OF INFLUENCE

• What did the U.S. want to convince countries to
  become?
• What did the Soviet Union want to convince
  countries to become?

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Iron Curtain

• The U.S. was able to influence Western Europe.
• The U.S.S.R. was able to influence Eastern
  Europe.
• An Iron Curtain divided Europe!

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What was Western Europe like?
What was Eastern Europe like?
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COLD WAR

• The Cold War was not a war where soldiers fought.
  It was a war to see who, the U.S. or the
  U.S.S.R., could influence more countries!
• If you were either the U.S. or the U.S.S.R. how
  would you try to influence a country to become a
  capitalist or communist country?

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Stop communism!

• The U.S. did a lot to try to stop the spread of
  communism!
• EXAMPLE When Germany lost the war, the U.S. and
  the Soviet Union, split Germany in half
• The Western Europe was......?
• The Eastern Europe was....?

11
Berlin

• The capital of Berlin was split in half too!
• The Western part of Berlin was controlled by the
  U.S. (Capitalism)
• The Eastern part of Berlin was controlled by the
  Soviet Union (Communism)

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Notice that Berlin is located in Eastern
Germany! Why is this hard for capitalist West
Berlin?
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Get out!

• The Soviet Union wanted to take control of all of
  the city of Berlin in June of 1948
• The U.S.S.R. wanted Western Berlin to become
  communist!
• The Soviet Union didnt like that there was a
  part of Eastern Germany that they didnt control
  and that wasnt communist!

14
Berlin blockade

• The U.S.S.R. blocked the train tracks and the
  roads from delivering supplies and food to West
  Berlin.
• The goal was to make West Berlin give up so that
  they would let the Soviet Union come in and
  control them.
• What did the Soviet Union want to do with West
  Berlin?

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U.S. and the Berlin blockade

• West Berlin didnt want to become Communists like
  the Soviet Union wanted!
• The U.S. is trying to stop the spread of
  Communism, so what do you think they did to help
  the people of West Berlin stay Capitalist?
• Remember, the only reason they may have to become
  Communist is because the blockade is preventing
  them from getting supplies.

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Fly it in!

• The U.S. flew supplies into Western Berlin on
  airplanes so they did not have to give in to the
  communists (Soviet Union)!
• Berlin Airlift
• They delivered food, clothing, and supplies to
  live!

17
Berlin blockade!
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BLOCKADE ENDS!

• The Soviets knew the blockade was not doing any
  good if the U.S. was delivering supplies to
  Western Berlin by air!
• The Soviets ended the Berlin Blockade in May of
  1949!
• The U.S. and capitalism won this battle of the
  Cold War!
• How was this battle different than other battles
  we have studied this year?

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BERLIN WALL

• Shortly after the Berlin Airlift, the Soviet
  Union realized that they were not going to be
  able to make West Berlin into a communist region.
  
• Therefore, to separate West Berlin from the
  Communist part of East Berlin, the Soviet Union
  built a big wall in between so that people
  couldnt travel back and forth without a pass.
• People in West Berlin and East Berlin lived
  totally different lives.
• How do you think peoples lives were different on
  the different sides of Berlin?

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East vs. West Berlin

• Neighborhoods were split into two - relatives
  that lived on opposite sides of the city couldnt
  see each other! Berlin was split!
• East Berlin
• Communist - Government controlled most
  everything!
• West Berlin
• Capitalist - free press, business, speech.

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BERLIN WALL
23
NATO

• The U.S. and the other Capitalist countries
  set-up a new military alliance to protect
  themselves if a communist country tried to force
  communism on them or they went to war with the
  U.S.S.R.
• The alliance was called the North Atlantic Treaty
  Organization!
• NATO for short!
• The goal was to stop the spread of communism!
• Most countries in West Europe were part of NATO.

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Conclusion

• After World War II, The Cold War broke out
  between the U.S. (Capitalism) and the Soviet
  Union (Communism).
• Both Capitalist and Communist countries tried to
  spread their way of life around the world.
• An Iron Curtain separated the Capitalist (West)
  and Communist (East) part of Europe
• The Berlin Airlift stopped the Soviet Union from
  spreading communism to all of Berlin!
• NATO was created