Flavio CUCCHIETTI

1
Benchmark and best practices on SAR limits
enforcement
2
Summary

• SAR and basic restrictions
• Technical Standards
• SAR measurement setup
• The telecom service provider and SAR
• Standard developments

3
Specific Absorption Rate

• EMF (Electromagnetic Fields) exposure at
  Radiofrequency (RF) is primary quantified by
  means of an internal dosimetry quantity the
  Specific Absorption Rate (SAR)
• One of the possible definitions
• Deeply used in dosimetry and in biological
  experiments because it could be measured by means
  of electric field or temperature sensors

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Basic Restrictions

• Restriction on exposure to time-varying electric,
  magnetic fields and electromagnetic fields that
  are based directly on established health effects
• Depending on frequency, the physical quantities
  use to specify these restrictions are current
  density, SAR and power density

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Measurement Standards

• Objective define recommended practice to address
  in detail how to perform compliance measurements
• Measurement Standards key aspects
• Measurement system description and requirements
• Laboratory requirements
• Measurement procedure description and
  requirements
• Uncertainty budget definition
• Data reporting
• System validation and Inter-laboratory
  comparisons
• Annexes clarifying technical aspects and
  rationales

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IEC 62209-1

• Issued in 2005
• Detailed measurement procedures and measurement
  system description, uncertainty evaluations
• System validation and system check definitions
• Four normative annexes (phantom specifications,
  calibration of measurement instrumentation,
  post-processing techniques, System validation)
  and six informative annexes
• Currently under maintenance

7
IEEE 1528 -2003

• Issued in 2003
• Detailed measurement procedures, uncertainty
  evaluations and strong effort to address
  rationale for setup choices
• System validation and system check first time
  introduced
• One normative annex (measurement uncertainty) and
  seven informative annexes
• An updated Standard version positively voted in
  2011, not yet published

8
SAR measurement setup
E-field probe
Robot to align DUT
Robot to move probe
Base station simulator
DUT
Head simulating liquid inside SAM
Specific Anthropomorphic Mannequin (SAM)
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SAR measurement procedure

• Alignment positions
• SAR tests are performed fixing maximum TX power
  on DUT
• Typically 4 SAR measurements performed at centre
  frequency, one SAR measurement performed at the
  lowest frequency and one SAR measurement
  performed at the highest frequency

Cheek position
Tilt position
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Mobile phone alignment

• Fully automated system to align DUT (device under
  test) to Specific Anthropomorphic Mannequin (SAM)
• High repeatability and precision achieved

Bioem 2009 (June 2009, DAVOS, CH) S. Pacifico,
D. Forigo and M. Francavilla A New Positioning
System For Cellular Phone Alignment According To
IEC 62209-1 And IEEE 1528 Standards
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Single SAR measurement

1. AREA SCAN

1. ZOOM SCAN

12
Telecom service providers and SAR

• Verification both on pre-marketing and market
  equipment
• http//www.unglobalcompact.org/system/attachments/
  16448/original/COP_TI_2011_FINAL.pdf?1342007429
  (page 119)
• All market terminals tested
• The new ones
• Samples taken from stocks within the quality
  inspection verifications
• http//www.telecomitalia.com/tit/en/sustainability
  /performance-targets/telecom-italia-environment.ht
  ml
• http//www.telecomitalia.com/content/dam/telecomit
  alia/en/archive/documents/investors/Annual_Reports
  /2011/TelecomItaliaGroupAnnualReport2011.pdf
• More than 50 terminals per year are tested

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Measurement results - 1

• A database of handsets measured in 2008 -2009 has
  been analyzed
• A total of more than 100 2G handsets (of which 50
  was also 3G) has been considered

14
Measurement results - 2

• Comparison between SAR value and cost of the
  terminal

15
TI SAR laboratory activities accreditation

• Telecom Italia SAR laboratory accredited by
  Italian body ACCREDIA (ex SINAL)
• Accreditation according to ISO/IEC 170252005
• Possibility to perform SAR compliance campaigns
  not only for internal clients
• ACCREDIA latest successfully audit performed in
  June 2011

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TI SAR laboratory activities round robin tests

• Telecom Italia SAR laboratory participated to
  SPEAG (Schmid and Partner Engineering AG) Round
  Robin phase II and HEMI (Hand Effect Measurement
  Interlab) studies

17
Standard development work IEC TC106 MT 1/IEEE
ICES TC34

• Working groups
• IEC TC106 MT 1, Maintenance of IEC 622091-1
• ICES TC34, Wireless Handset SAR certification
  (SC1 Experimental Techniques)
• Next face2face meeting TI Turin, September
  11th-14th 2012

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Standard development work fast SAR and test
reduction techniques

• Great effort in introducing new FAST SAR methods
  and procedures to reduce overall measurement
  time
• A statistical based approach is introduced by TI,
  to reduce the time needed to perform SAR
  measurements in the case of GSM900, DCS1800 and
  UMTS band I handsets

M.G. Douglas, S. Gabriel, C. Bucher, D. Iliev,
J. Kastrati, C. Leubler, M. Meili, K. Pokovic and
N. Kuster Fast SAR Methods for Electromagnetic
Exposure Evaluation of Wireless Devices EuCAP
2011 Meeting, Rome, April 2011
M. Francavilla Time reduction to demonstrate
SAR compliance of GSM/UMTS mobile phones BEMS
2011 Meeting, Halifax, CA, June 2011
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Standard development work hand effect

• Great effort in evaluating the influence of the
  hand on SAR
• Measurement study
• Computational study
• Objective is to guarantee proper compliance to
  the specification in all reasonable use cases

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THANK YOU
flavio.cucchietti_at_telecomitalia.it mauro.francavil
la_at_telecomitalia.it