United States History Chapter 10

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United States HistoryChapter 10

• Higher Order Thinking Skills
• Homework

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1. Describe the growing differences between the
North and South in their economics and ways of
life.

• What were the main industries in the North?
• Textiles, Shipbuilding, and Manufacturing
• How was the South dependent on Slavery?
• It was their source of cheap labor, cutting their
  overhead costs and allowing for a greater profit.

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2. Explain why the Wilmot Proviso failed to pass
and why the issue of California statehood became
so important.

• What was the Wilmot Proviso and why did
  Southerners oppose it?
• It was an amendment to the Missouri Bill for
  Statehood that would ban slavery from the
  territory acquired from Mexico.
• What problems were created by Californias
  application for statehood?
• It would throw off the balance of power between
  the slave states and the free states in Congress.

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3. Analyze how the efforts of Clay, Webster, and
Douglas produced the Compromise of 1850 and a
temporary halt to talk of secession.

• What was the Southern response to the idea of
  banning slavery in the territories?
• To threaten secession (withdrawal) from the
  Union. They believed that they had chosen to
  enter the Union as sovereign states, they could
  choose to leave as sovereign states.
• What were the provisions of Clays Compromise of
  1850?
• Creation of a new Fugitive Slave Law, allowance
  for popular sovereignty in the Utah and Nevada
  territories, banned the slave trade in Washington
  D.C.
• What action did Stephen Douglas take on Clays
  Compromise?
• When the Bill failed in its first trip through
  Congress, Douglas took it and broke it down into
  its individual parts and bargained enough support
  for each to get them passed separately.

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4. Describe the provisions of the Fugitive Slave
Act and how abolitionists and the Underground
Railroad succeeded in defying this law.

• What did Northern states do to counter the
  Fugitive Slave Law?
• They passed Personal Liberty Laws that forbade
  state agencies from assisting the Federal
  Government in reclaiming runaway slaves.
• What was the Underground Railroad?
• Network of former slaves and abolitionists that
  assisted fugitive slaves in escaping to the
  North.
• What did Harriet Beecher Stowe do to inflame
  passions between North and South?
• She published Uncle Toms Cabin, portraying the
  evil nature of slavery.

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5. Explain how Douglass desire for a national
transcontinental railroad route helped destroy
the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of
1850.

• What was popular sovereignty?
• Deciding the issue of slavery in the Territories
  by a vote of the people.
• What effect did the Kansas-Nebraska Act have on
  the Missouri Compromise?
• In order to get the Kansas-Nebraska Act passed,
  Douglas threw his support behind the repeal of
  the Missouri Compromise, which would allow
  slavery to exist anywhere north of the 3630
  parallel in the Louisiana Territory.

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6. Describe the violence that occurred in Kansas
in the fight over establishing slavery in the
territory.

• What caused the violence in Kansas?
• Voter fraud related to the vote on slavery in the
  territory, resulted in the formation of two state
  governments and a civil war in the territory.
• What was the Pottawattomie Massacre?
• John Brown and his sons went on a killing spree,
  murdering numerous plantation owners in the name
  of God. He claimed God had sent him to rid the
  country of slavery.
• Why did Preston Brooks physically attack Senator
  Charles Sumner in the Senate?
• Sumner had made particularly abusive remarks
  about Brooks uncle Andrew Butler. In a speech
  called the Crime against Kansas Sumner
  criticized his colleagues for their support of
  slavery.

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7. Identify the political parties that emerged as
the North and the South forged new political
alliances.

• How did the Slavery issue affect the Whig Party?
• They nominated Winfield Scott for President, a
  candidate that depended on Northern support. He
  supported repealing the Fugitive Slave Law and
  opposed the Compromise of 1850, driving down
  Southern support for the Party.
• What was nativism and how did it affect American
  politics?
• The Nativists were people who believed that
  immigrants did not deserve the same rights as
  Native-born American citizens. They eventually
  formed the anti-immigrant Know-Nothing Party.

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8. Explain the reasons that led voters to align
with a particular political party and why
Buchanan won the election of 1856.

• What did the Free-Soil Party believe in?
• They believed in stopping the spread of slavery
  into the western territories.
• What issue united people in the Republican Party?
• In opposition to the Kansas-Nebraska Act and in
  stopping the spread of slavery into the
  territories.
• What were the issues and outcome of the Election
  of 1856?
• The main issues were slavery in the territories
  and the Kansas-Nebraska Act James Buchanan won
  the Presidency primarily because he could not be
  associated with any of the sectional conflicts of
  the 1850s.

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9. Explain the impact of the Dred Scott decision
and the Lecompton Constitution on the political
crisis over slavery.

• What was the effect of the Dred Scott Decision on
  the North?
• The North was stunned at the outcome and rallied
  behind the Republican Party as their only hope at
  banning slavery in the territories.
• What event made Douglas a hero in the North?
• When President James Buchanan endorsed the
  Lecompton Constitution in Kansas (a pro-slavery
  state government), Douglass called for a
  referendum on the issue (which showed that the
  majority of the population opposed slavery in
  Kansas). Standing up to President Buchanan got
  him hailed as hero in the North.

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10. Explain why Douglas believed that popular
sovereignty was the key to eliminating slavery
and why Lincoln believed Free-Soil legislation
was required for voters to remove slavery.

• What was the response to John Browns raid in the
  North and the South?
• The North called John Brown a hero for fighting
  for the slave. The South called him a traitor
  and a terrorist and the State of Virginia hung
  him for treason.
• How did John Browns execution further divide the
  country?
• Frederick Douglass said that John Brown was
  better man than I, I would fight for the slave,
  John Brown would die for him.
• The South became very defensive and began forming
  militias to protect against further acts of
  aggression.

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11. Describe the events at Harpers Ferry and
their effect on the North and the South.

• How did Lincoln come to be nominated for
  President?
• He had run against Stephen Douglas for the Senate
  seat in Illinois and lost. However, he had
  established himself as a champion for stopping
  the spread of slavery into the western
  territories.
• How did Lincoln win the election of 1860?
• The Democratic Party split and a new party, the
  Constitutional Union Party, tried to ignore the
  slavery issue all together. This led to Lincoln
  winning the Presidency without winning one single
  southern state.

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12. Describe the events that led to Lincolns
election and the establishment of the Confederate
States of America.

• Why did South Carolina and other states secede
  from the Union?
• They did not feel as though they were being
  represented by their government. Lincoln won the
  election against Southern opposition and vowed to
  ban slavery in the west, which would lead to an
  imbalance of power in Congress.
• What was the Confederacy?
• The union of the Southern States that had seceded
  from the United States. They supported slavery,
  states rights, and a weak central government.
• What did Buchanan do about secession?
• Nothing, he declared that secession was illegal,
  but recognized that it would be illegal for him
  to do anything about it.