Physical Geography of SW

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Physical Geography of SW Central Asia, and N.
Africa

• Ch. 17

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Bodies of Water
Black Sea
Caspian Sea
Dardanelles Strait?
AtlanticOcean
?TigrisRiver
Mediterranean Sea
EuphratesRiver?
Jordan River?
Suez Canal?
Strait of?Hormuz
Persian Gulf
Nile River?
?Gulf ofOman
Red Sea
ArabianSea
?Gulf of Aden
IndianOcean
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Seas Peninsulas

• Arabian Peninsula
• Separated from Africa by Gulf of Aden Red Sea
• Sinai Pen.
• Suez Canal separate the land to the north/west
• Persian Gulf is on the east side

Gulf of Aden
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Seas Peninsulas

• Anatolia Pen.
• Black Sea to N
• Aegean Sea to W
• Mediterranean Sea to S
• Many straits connecting seas ()

Bosporus Strait
Aegean Sea
ANATOLIA
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Dardenelles
Bosporus Strait
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Seas Peninsulas

• Strait of Gibraltar
• Separates Africa from Iberian Pen.
• Only a dozen
• miles or so
• wide
• gateway to
• Africa

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Strait of Gibraltar
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Seas Peninsulas

• Dead Sea
• On Jordan River (border w/ Israel)
• 8X saltier than any ocean- How come?
• In the 50s
• L 262 m, W 57 m
• Today
• L 42 m, W 11 m

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TheJordan RiverSystem Israel Jordan--A
Fight OverWater Rights?
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Dead Sea Lowest Point on Earth
2,300 below sea level
HighestSaltContent(33)
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Seas Peninsulas

• Caspian Sea
• Largest inland/landlocked body of water (lake)
• But it is salt water!! (remnants of larger sea)
• Facing evaporation increases, decrease in
• flow from feeder rivers,
• and increase in irrigation/industry uses

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Seas Peninsulas

• Aral Sea
• Use to be lg have productive fishing
• Shrunk drastically due to USSR draining it for
  irrigation
• Ppl build sm. dams to create basins of freshwater
  from rivers

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Rivers

• Nile River
• Longest in world
• Flows NORTH to Med. Sea
• 90 of Egyptians live in delta or along river (
  3 of land)
• Faces great flood seasons ? built Aswan High Dam
  for control

Aswan High Dam
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The Mighty Nile RiverLongest River in the
World
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Egypt The Gift of the Nile
Nile Delta
Annual Nile Flooding
90 of the Egyptian people live on 3 of the land!
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Aswan High Dam, Egypt
HydroelectricPower Plant
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Suez Canal
Completed by the British in 1869
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Rivers

• Tigris Euphrates
• Mesopotamia or land b/w two rivers aka Fertile
  Crescent
• Join to form Shatt al Arab
• Border of Iraq
• Iran
• Wars treaties
• over it

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Rivers
Wadi in Oman

• Wadis- dry streambeds that will fill with heavy
  rain ? flash floods (seasonal)
• Since they are typically arid, creates mud
  quickly? dangerous mud flows

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Wadis Instant Springs
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Plains, Plateaus, Mtns.

• Since most is desert/steppe? agricultural base
  coastal areas of Med. Sea, Caspian Sea, Persian
  Gulf
• Atlas Mtns
• Longest mtn
• range
• Stretches from
• Morocco to Algeria
• Northern side of Atlas allows for lots of agric.
  (farms, fishing, livestock)
• Rainy side, Med. climate

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Plains, Plateaus, Mtns.

• Hejaz Asir
• West coast of Arabian Pen.
• Rainshadow effect to Central Plateau
• Caucasus Mtns
• b/w Black Caspian Sea
• Seen as border b/w
• European Russia
• Asia

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Mountain Ranges in Mid-East
Elburz Mts., Iran
Zagros Mts., Iran
Lebanese Mts.
Taurus Mts., Turkey
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Plains, Plateaus, Mtns.

• Garagum (Karakum)-
• Black sand desert, covers 70 of Turkmenistan
• Qizilqum (Kyzyl Kum)-
• Red sand desert in Uzbekistan Kazakhstan

Use wide spaces for livestock
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Hejaz
Rub al Khali
Asir
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Desert Bedouins
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Swarms of Desert Locusts!
Israel Hit By Worst Locust Plague Since the 1950s!
Locusts Swarm the Pyramids Complex at Giza!
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Fresh Groundwater Sources
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DesalinizationPlants
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Tectonic Activity

• Meeting point of the African, Arabian, Eurasian
  plates
• Reason for mountainous terrain
• Many earthquakes
• Turkey 1999
• Iran has 90 of land on faults
• Landforms still ?ing
• Red Sea

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Natural Resources

• Oil (petroleum) nat. gas are regions most
  abundant resources
• 70 of worlds oil
• 33 of worlds nat. gas
• Reserves are still being discovered!
• WWII sparked production as we moved to modern
  industry/reliance

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The Natural Resources of theMiddle East
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World Oil Reserves
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Persian Gulf Oil Exports (2003)
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Saudi Oil Fields Refineries
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Kuwait An Island Floating on a Sea of Oil
KuwaitCity
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Leading U. S. Oil Suppliers
The U. S. imports 30 of its oil needs from the
Middle East.
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Natural Resources

• Why might such heavy dependence on oil be risky?
• Many countries are now diversifying
• UAE ? banking, info. tech, tourism
• Libya ? infrastructure, fisheries

Completed Dubai Tower, Monday night
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Homework

• Complete the Guided Reading for Ch. 17 Sec. 2