British Take Over India

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British Take Over India
Mr. Divett
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Collapse of the Mughal empire

• The Mughal empire had ruled India for 200 years.
• After they started to collapse Britain started to
  take interest in the region.

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East India Company and Rebellion

• The British East India Company won trading rights
  in the early 1600s.
• By the mid 1800s they controlled three fifths of
  India.

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East India Company
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Exploiting Indian Diversity

• The British took advantage of the diversity.
• The disunified Indian people couldnt not unite
  against the newcomers.
• British used superior weapons to overpower local
  rulers.

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Implementing British Policies

• Profit was primary goal of EIC.
• They also
• Improved roads
• Preserved peace
• Reduced banditry
• By the early 1800s British officials introduced
• Western education
• Legal procedures

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Western Education
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Implementing British Policies

• Missionaries tried to convert Indians to
  Christianity.
• The British press social change. They work to
• End slavery
• End the caste system
• Improve the position of women
• Outlaw sati (ritual suicide by fire)

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Sati
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Growing Discontent

• In the 1850s the EIC made controversial moves
• Required sepoys in its service
• Sometimes sepoys had to travel overseas which was
  against their religion
• The British passed a law that allowed Hindu
  widows to remarry

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Sepoy
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New Rifles

• In 1857 sepoys were issued new rifles from the
  British.
• Troops had to bite off the end of the cartridge
  before loading it into their rifle.
• The cartridges were greased with
• Cow fat-sacred to Hindus
• Pig fat-forbidden to Muslims
• Those who refused were imprisoned.

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New Rifles
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(No Transcript)
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Rebellion and Aftermath

• Sepoys rose up against the British.
• This started the Sepoy Rebellion.
• They marched to Delhi and called the last Mughal
  ruler their leader.
• Sepoys massacred British.
• The British squashed the rebellion and took
  revenge.

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Bahadur Shah Zafar
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Sepoy Rebellion
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Sepoy Rebellion
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Sepoy Rebellion
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Aftermath

• In 1858 Parliament ended EIC rule.
• India became part of Great Britain.
• Britain sent more troops to India at the expense
  of the Indians.

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Impact of British Colonial Rule

• After 1858 Parliament set up British Raj.
• A British viceroy governed India under the queen.
• The British held top positions.
• Indians held the rest.
• India was an important part of the British
  economy.
• The British thought they were helping them
  modernize.

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British Raj
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An Unequal Partnership

• The British build roads and railroads.
• This was to carry resources, and also goods to
  sell.
• The Suez Canal opened in 1869 and made trade
  explode.
• The British had the advantage
• Cheap textiles ruined the market for things
  handwoven.
• Nomadic herders became farmers.
• Clearing farmland led to deforestation.

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Indian Hand Weaving
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Population Growth and Famine

• British advances in medicine led to population
  growth.
• Food was sold, not eaten.
• Horrible famine swept India.

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Famine
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Benefits of British Rule

• Brought peace.
• Revised caste.
• Technology.
• National unity.
• Good schools and training.
• Good medicine.

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British Rule
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Different Views on Culture

• Some educated Indians embraced Westernization.
  They
• Learned English
• Adopted Western ways
• Others only wanted their traditional Hindu and
  Muslim culture.

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Indian Attitudes

• Ram Mohun Roy saw value in cooperation. He
• Knew Sanskrit, Persian, Arabic, English, Greek
  and Latin.
• Founded Hindu College in Calcutta- english style
  education
• Wanted to reform Indian culture. He condemned
• Caste system, child marriage, sati, and purdah or
  women isolation in different quarters.
• Is called founder of Indian nationalism.

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Ram Mohun Roy
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Western Attitudes

• Some British admired Indian theology, classic
  works.
• Others shrugged off Indian culture.
• A single shelf of a good European library is
  worth the whole native literature of India and
  Arabia. -Thomas Macaulay

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Thomas Macaulay
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Indian Nationalism

• Some people thought that Western-educated Indians
  would support British power.
• It had the opposite effect, they became
  nationalists.

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Indian National Congress

• In 1885, nationalist leaders organized the Indian
  National Congress, the Congress Party.
• They believed in peaceful protest to gain rights.
• They liked Westernization, but wanted greater
  democracy and self rule.

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INC Flag
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Muslim League

• Muslims and Hindus once worked together but then
  Muslims grew to resent Hindu domination of the
  Congress Party.
• In 1906 the Muslim League was formed.
• They wanted a separate Muslim state.

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Muslim League