Climate Change Policy of Brazil

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Climate Change Policy of Brazil
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Introduction

• Brazil has
• 6 of worlds surface
• 27 of worlds population
• 1.3 growth rate
• 5.5 million square kilometers of forest
• 20 of worlds biodiversity
• .5 deforestation rate per year
• 15 of worlds fresh water supply
• Brazils economy is the 10th largest in the world

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GHG Emissions

• 8th Largest Emitter
• Yearly emissions in 2000 were 851.1
• 2.53 of total emissions in the world
• 5 tons of CO2 per capita
• GHG Intensity of economy is 262.6 tons of CO2
  equivalent per million int. The worlds average
  is 533.4

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Green House Gas Emissions
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Energy Use

• Fossil Fuels- 38
• Hydropower- 33
• 100 renewable
• Accounts for 95 of Brazils electricity
• Biomass- 23
• 70 renewable
• Derived from sugarcane/ethanol production,
  charcoal, and other industrial processes

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Energy Use
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Deforestation

• 11.8 of Legal Amazon has been deforested
• Accounts for 71 of Brazils CO2 emissions
• CO2 emissions from deforestation may average 250
  of Brazils annual energy-related emissions

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Climate Change Program

• Emerged after Brazil ratified the UNFCCC in 1994
• Began in 1996, with funds from the GEF
• Creation of Interministerial Committee on Global
  Climate Change in 1999
• Created commitments for developing countries,
  based on common but differentiated
  responsibilities

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Brazils Concerns about Climate Change Policy

• Who should reduce, and when?
• Brazilian Proposal- base responsibility on
  historical emissions, not current annual
  emissions
• Creation of Mechanisms
• Proposed the Clean Development Fund, which
  became the basis for the creation of the CDM
• Land-use change and deforestation
• Wants to count the Amazon as a carbon sink
• Does not want to use forest preservation
  projects to generate GHG emissions reductions

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International Negotiations

• Hosted the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, in
  1992
• First country to sign the UNFCCC in 1992, entered
  into force in 1994
• Took a proactive stance as a representative of
  the developing world
• The Brazilian Proposal proposed reductions
  based on historical emissions
• Proposed the Clean Development Fund, which later
  became the CDM.
• Aimed to achieve sustainable development, reach
  emissions reductions goals in order to stabilize
  global temperatures, and help assist developing
  countries comply with targets

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Commitments

• -Develop and periodically update national
  inventories of anthropogenic emissions
• -Produce description of steps taken to implement
  the convention
• -Promote and cooperate in development,
  application, diffusion, and transfer of
  technologies, practices, and processes that
  control, rduce, or prevent anthropogenic GHG
  emissions
• -Promote research and systematic observation and
  development of data related to climate change and
  its effects
• -Dissemination of information about climate
  change and an increase of publications in
  Portuguese

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Other Domestic Actions

• Clean energy mix
• Ethanol program
• CDMs
• Dissemination of information through the internet