What does the word succession mean?

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What does the word succession mean?

• After the king died, the next person in
  succession for the throne was his son.
• A mother's life, you see, is one long succession
  of dramas, now soft and tender, now terrible. Not
  an hour but has its joys and fears.

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Succession

• One thing follows another
• A line of descent
• A sum of changes that follow one another

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Ecological Succession

• How do ecosystems change over time?

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Ecological Succession

• Definition predictable changes of growth that
  occur in a community over time in order to reach
  stability (climax community)

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How Does Ecological Succession Occur?

• The formation of new land (cooling of lava,
  breakdown of rock by lichens, melting of glacier
  to expose land)
• OR
• After a natural and human disturbances
• Wildfires, floods, natural disasters

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Types of Ecological Succession

• Primary Succession
• Secondary Succesion

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Primary Succession

• First growth of a community
• No soil exists on surface. Soil must be
  established by breakdown of rocks and other
  organic substances
• Can happens on bare rock after volcanic lava
  cools and forms rock or from the breakdown of
  rocks by lichens
• Can happen after glacier melts and exposes rock

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How Does Ecological Succession Occur?
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Results Primary Succession

• Lichens? small annual plants?short grasses and
  perennials with simple animal life PIONEER
  SPECIES
• Taller grasses, shrubs, softwood trees with more
  diverse animal life INTERMEDIATE SPECIES
• Hardwood trees, diverse plant and animal life
  CLIMAX COMMUNITY
• Takes many, many, many years for a community to
  reach a climax community

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Primary Succession
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Can a natural disaster cause succession? YES
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Can a natural disaster cause succession?

• Yes? called SECONDARY SUCCESSION
• Re growth of a community after a natural disaster
  (flood, fire, hurricane, or the clearing away of
  land, etc.) has happened
• Main difference between secondary and primary
  succession is that the SOIL is already present
  and does not have to be created again

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Secondary Succession
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Secondary Succession Features
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Secondary Succession

• Soil is enriched by dead plant and animal life
  that is there
• Annual plants, grasses, some animal life? PIONEER
  SPECIES
• Taller grasses, shrubs, soft and hardwood trees
  more complex animal life? INTERMEDIATE SPECIES
• Mature hardwood trees,plant life with diverse
  animal life? CLIMAX COMMUNITY
• Re-growth happens faster due to the soil being
  present.

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Order of succession

• 1- Pioneer species first communities to appear
• 2- Intermediate species
• 3- Climax Community- final communities

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Succession is Good? Bad?

• Succession Good? promotes growth in a community,
  returns nutrients to the soil after disturbance
  (wildfire)
• Succession Bad? established communities are
  destroyed, takes a long period of time to build
  climax community. Animal populations may
  decrease or have to migrate to find other
  habitats and resources to live on.
•  

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SUCCESSION TAKES A LONG TIME

• SUCCESSION TAKES A LONG TIME
• SUCCESSION TAKES A LONG TIME
• SUCCESSION TAKES A LONG TIME
• SUCCESSION TAKES A LONG TIME
• SUCCESSION TAKES A LONG TIME

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Comparing Primary and Secondary Succession

• Primary

• Secondary

• Breakdown of rock must occur in order to form
  soil
• Occurs on barren or newly formed land
• Takes a longer to reach a climax community

• Soil is already present
• Occurs after a natural disaster or clearing away
  of already present land
• Takes a shorter time to establish a climax
  community

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Succession in Water
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Water Succession

• Occurs when lakes or ponds begin to change over
  time to land areas
• Over many years erosion of the land pulls
  sediment and soil to the bottom of the pond or
  lakes floor or death of organisms in the water
  system may occur.
• Animals begin to lose resources as the water
  system gets filled up with sediment, soil, and
  decaying animals. They may begin to die. New
  types of plant life begin to emerge while others
  die. Animals that can survive and live in the new
  area now inhabit that area.
• Over time plant and animal life in the community
  changes in the land area and a new climax
  community is established.
• Takes many years to happen as well

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Summary Questions

• How long does succession take?
• Two types of ecological succession are
• First species to develop in succession are
• Primary succession occurs on
• Secondary succession occurs on
• Water succession occurs when