Agriculture in India

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Agriculture in India

• Kamal Singh
• Lecturer in Economics
• GCCBA 42 , chandigarh

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Importance of Agriculture

• Source of Livelihood
• Contribution to National Income 14.2 in
  2010-11
• Source of Food Supply
• Role of agriculture for Industrial development
• Source of Government revenue

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• Provision of Capital
• Provision of labour
• Expanded market for other sectors
• Development of International trade Agriculture
  export are 10 of total exports

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Feature of Indian Agriculture

• Feudal Character
• Dualism in Labour market
• Rural indebtedness
• Orthodox Farming Techniques
• Predominance of Small farmers

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• Vast Unemployment
• Large Inequalities

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Agricultural productivity

• Agricultural productivity is measured as the
  ratio of agricultural outputs to agricultural
  Inputs

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Sources of agricultural productivity

• Mechanization
• High yield varieties
• Fertilizers
• Irrigation
• Herbicides
• Pesticides
• Increased plant density

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Importance of Agricultural Productivity

• More Food
• Growth of Area/ region
• Agricultural Competitiveness
• Efficient Distribution of Scarce Resources
• Alleviation of Poverty
• Lower Food Prices and Stable supply of Food

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Agriculture Productivity
Country Rice (Per Hectare in 1991)
India 17.5
USA 41
Japan 61.9
China 54
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Country Wheat per Hectares( Quintals in 1991)
India 22.7
Germany 68
France 61
China 30
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Causes of Low Productivity
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General Factors

• Over Crowding
• Socio economic
• Natural Factor
• Lack of Adequate Finance
• Lack of Productive Investment
• Inadequate Marketing System

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INSTITUTIONAL FACTORS

• Small Size of Holding
• Defective pattern of Land tenure

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TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS

• Traditional factors of Production
• Lack of HVY of seed
• Scanty use of Fertilizer
• Inadequate Irrigation facility
• Lack of agriculture research

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SOLUTION

• Increase area under irrigation
• More use of fertilizer
• More HVY Seeds
• Plant protection
• Scientific Cultivation
• Mechanisation

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• Improvement in Animal Husbandry
• Land Reforms
• Bio tech Crops
• Education and empowerment of farmers

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• The farmers should be provided with a stable
  price for their agricultural products at a
  remunerative level.
• There should be an expansion of adequate
  marketing facilities to sell the agricultural
  product.
• The land tenure system should be changed in
  favour of the cultivator.
• There should be a provision of cheap credit on
  reasonable terms especially to small farmers for
  better techniques of production.
• The modern inputs like fertilisers. Pesticides
  and improved seeds should be made available to
  the farmers at reasonable prices.
• There should be provisions of education, research
  and extension of agro-economic services to spread
  the knowledge of improved methods of farming.
• The State should make provision for the
  development of resources which are not possible
  in the part of individual farmers e.g. large
  scale irrigation, land reclamation or
  resettlement projects.
• There should be an extension of land used and
  intensification and utilisation of land already
  in use through improved and scientific
  implements.