Energy Efficiency

1
Energy Efficiency

• Changing the Impact of Energy Usage

2
What Is Energy Efficiency?

• Websters defines efficiency as
• The quality or degree of being productive without
  waste
• When we talk about energy efficiency, we talk
  about improving the efficiency of the energy we
  use
• The common theme amongst energy experts
• Reducing energy or demand requirements without
  reducing the end-use benefits.

3
Conservation Made Simple

• If ydont need it, turn the durn thing off.
• Fred Tuttle

4
What Do We Use Energy for?
Light
Electricity
Heat
Fuel

• Energy is used to do work

5
Efficient Pollution
The efficient level of pollution is that which
balances the costs imposed by pollution against
the benefits derived from the activity which
produces the emissions.
MDEnvironmental Damage Costs of Pollution MAC
Abatement Cost benefits when waste is
reduced Pollution costs Abating Costs Human
health Reducing
Emissions Amenity costs
Waste-reducing measures Materials damage
Ex employing less polluting Biological
technologies all
other costs

• MD is zero at levels of waste below assimilative
• Capacity.
• This graph represents a balance between two
  extreme possibilities, one that pays no attention
  to environmental damage e_, and one which pays no
  attention to the costs involved with said valued
  activity, which produces emissions, eA.

6
Economic Policy on Efficiency

• MSB schedule represents the benefit associated
  with devoting resources to a particular activity
  z. This slope is negative, reflecting diminishing
  marginal benefit from activity z.
• The MSC schedule represents the cost of devoting
  resources to that activity. The positive slope of
  the MSC reflects an increasing cost of taking
  resources away from some alternate activity.
• Assume zltz. A small increase to z will yield a
  benefit equal to MSB(z). This would equal the
  cost to MSC(z)ltMSB(z).
• If we choose a level of activity zgtz, a
  reduction in z will mean a reduced benefit equal
  to MSB(z). An even larger reduction in cost will
  equal MSC(z)gtMSB(z).
• Thus, making z efficient.

• MSC(z) MSB(z)
• MSC Marginal Social Cost
• MSB Marginal Social Benefit
• Z Resource to be allocated
• This condition states that we should allocate
  resources in such a way that the marginal cost of
  any reallocation are equated
• This is our efficiency condition.

7
Energy Efficiency at a National Level
8
Current Federal Energy- Efficiency Related
Policies

• National Energy Policy
• The Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable
  Energy
• Energy Star Program
• The Weatherization Assistance Program

9
National Energy Policy

• "America must have an energy policy that plans
  for the future, but meets the needs of today.  I
  believe we can develop our natural resources and
  protect our environment.
• President George W. Bush

10
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy

• Bringing you a prosperous future where energy is
  clean, abundant, reliable, and affordable.
• Mission
• strengthen America's energy security,
  environmental quality, and economic vitality in
  public-private partnerships that enhance energy
  efficiency and productivity,
• bring clean, reliable and affordable energy
  technologies to the marketplace,
• enhance the energy choices and quality of life of
  Americans
• The office is responsible for the governments
  research, development, and deployment efforts in
  energy efficiency.

11
Energy Star Program

• In 1992 the EPA introduced the Energy Star as a
  voluntary labeling program designed to identify
  and promote energy-efficient products.
• Computers and monitors were the first labeled
  products.

12
Energy Star Contd

• 1995 the EPA expanded the label to additional
  office equipment products and residential heating
  and cooling equipment.
• 1996 the EPA partnered with the U.S. Department
  of Energy.
• 2001 Energy Star crosses the border into Canada.
• By 2003 almost 1400 buildings have earned the
  Energy Star for superior energy performance.

13
Weatherization Assistance Program

• Programs goal is to allow low-income families to
  permanently reduce their energy bills by making
  their homes more energy efficient.
• On average, weatherization reduces heating bills
  by 31 and overall energy bills by 218 per year.
• In 2004, their goal is to weatherize 94,450
  homes.

14
Earth Day 2004

• Smart energy, choices for the future. DOEs
  theme for Earth Day 2004.
• DOE is promoting a message which highlights
  renewable energy and smart energy choices as a
  way to expand our nation's energy supply, create
  a healthier environment, and increase national
  security.
• www.energyhog.org

15
Energy Smart America 2004

• p/www.energysmartamerica.org/
• May 11-14 in Minneapolis, MN.
• Hosted by the U.S. Department of Energy.
• The goal of this project is to is to advance
  state and community energy-saving efforts and
  deployment of sustainable energy solutions.

16
California Sues National Govt

• CA, along with NY, CT, and various environmental
  groups are filing a lawsuit against the Bush
  administration because they have called for the
  DOE to postpone the implementation of high energy
  efficiency requirements for central air
  conditioners.
• The DEO announced it would propose a
  significantly weaker energy efficiency standard.
  Under the Bush administration's lower efficiency
  target, energy and cost savings and pollution
  reductions would be one-third less than the
  standard that was to take effect already this
  year.

17

• California Attorney General Bill Lockyer,
  "Instead of helping, the Bush Administration is
  making it harder for California in the current
  energy crisis by ignoring or trying to eliminate
  the toughened efficiency standards for
  residential air conditioners.
• New York Attorney General Eliot Spitzer added
  "This is a time when the federal government
  should be doing everything possible to encourage
  the efficient use of energy. Instead, the Bush
  administration has abandoned one of the most
  effective ways to conserve energy.

18
Home Energy Audit

• Available from Efficiency Vermont, or your
  utility company
• Inputs data from utility bills, house
  design,household appliance make-up, and
  occupants habits
• Compares to similar homes in area
• Identifies potential problem areas
• Offers tips to help reduce usage
• Suggests energy efficient products

19
Typical Energy Efficiency Approaches
20
Energy Bills in Burlington
21
Not Using It? Unplug It.

• Small appliances and home office equipment use
  power even when they're off. That's why the
  average US household pays for 50 watts,
  constantly, that isn't needed.
• Even fully charged rechargeable equipment draws
  electricity when plugged in.
• Plug TVs, VCRs, fax machines, computers,
  printers, etc. into a power strip and just turn
  it off.

22
Energy in Computers

• Computers and other electronic office equipment
  represent the fastest-growing electrical load
• Desktop computers use 80160 watts of electricity
• Laptop models typically use a maximum of 15 watts
• Designed for long battery life
• A 1993 study by the Land Institute estimates that
  it takes up to 4,000 kilowatt-hoursnearly half
  the average American households annual
  consumption of electricityto manufacture a PC
  and monitor

23
Take a Nap

• If all 8,000 computer monitors on the UVM
  campus used Sleep Mode the University could save
  1.6 million kWh every year. That is equal to
  saving 64,000 gallons of gasoline and 160,000 in
  energy costs.

24
Change a Light

• ENERGY STAR program instituted in Fall 2003
• Encourages all Americans to change out the 5
  fixtures or light bulbs they use most at home to
  ENERGY STAR qualified lighting
• Would result in 6 billion in energy savings
• Equal to one trillion pounds of greenhouse gases
  not in the air
• Energy savings equivalent to output of 21 power
  plants

25
Change the World

• Efficiency Vermont recognized for implementing
  the program by giving all residents of Poultney
  Village an efficient light bulb and promoting to
  change it
• More than 4,500 incandescent light bulbs were
  replaced
• Just one bulb replaced per American household
  would be the same as removing one million cars
  from the road

26
What Does One Light Bulb Mean?

• Lets say my bathroom light is on for an average
  of four hours a day.
• Two of the four hours there is no one in the
  bathroom using the lightmy roommate never turns
  it off!
• 2 hours x 365 days x .12 dollars per kWh x light
  bulb wattage (kW)
• 60 watt incandescent 5.26 year
• 13 watt CFL 1.14 year
• This is a savings of 4.12 for the year, just for
  the time no one is actually using the light.
  Another 1.14 and 9.5 kW could be saved if he
  learned to turn it off

27
UVMs Energy Breakdown
Electricity Use
Energy Use
28
UVMs Efficiency Impact

• Energy Efficiency measures in the 1990s in
  partnership with Burlington Electric Department
  (BED) resulted in
• Avoidance of 16 GWh of electricity (1.6 million)
  in 2002
• Reduction of 6,700 tons of carbon dioxide
  emissions (equal to 15,000 cars off the road)
• Reduction of 36 tons of sulfur dioxide
• Reduction of 12 tons of nitrogen oxides

29
Efficiency or Conservation?

• More bang for your buck.
• OR
• Turn it off

30
Meeting Our Energy Needs

• What to do?
• Produce more
• Use it more efficiently
• Use less

31
Why Focus on Electricity?
Energy Costs for Commercial Buildings in New
England

Source Energy
Information Agency

• Every kilowatt of electricity used requires
  generation that dumps 1.17 pounds of CO2 into our
  air. (EPA)

32
Golden Kilawatt Partnership

• Started by Paul Grover, of Shelburne, VT
• Basic Idea turn off lights not needed in the
  workplace
• Conservation of 30-45 of electricity bill
• Return on investment within 3 months
• Typical Business
• Chittenden County
• Electricity bill greater than 30,000/yr
• Top management committed

33
(No Transcript)
34
Energy Efficiency Resources

• www.doe.gov
• www.eere.energy.gov
• www.energystar.gov
• www.efficiencyvermont.com
• www.hes.lbl.gov
• Your local utility company
• www.greenmountainpower.com
• www.burlingtonelectric.com