Group Members

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Group Members
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INDEX

• Introduction.
• What is Global Warming?
• Green House Effect.
• Effects of CO2.
• Effects of other Gases.
• Impacts.
• Findings.
• What we can do to stop Global Warming?
• Solutions.

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Group Members

• KETAKI BHALERAO .....1
  3
• MINI MENON52
• ANAND BHARADIA.39
• ABHIJEET...11
• HEMANGI AGNIHOTRI....6
  5
• GOVIND NIKAM70
• SANTU MONDAL..08

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What is Global Warming?

• Global warming refers to an average increase in
  the Earth's temperature, which in turn causes
  changes in climate. When scientists talk about
  the issue of climate change, their concern is
  about global warming caused by human activities.
  , in particular the burning of fossil fuels and
  the resulting buildup of greenhouse gases in the
  atmosphere, have influenced this warming trend.

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Natural Green House Effect

• Sunlight (shortwave radiation) passes easily
  through the earth's atmosphere. Once it strikes
  and warms the earth's surface, lnfrared radiation
  is given off and goes back into the atmosphere.
  While some of this Infrared radiation or heat
  escapes into space, most of it is absorbed or
  held by carbon dioxide and other green gases like
  water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous
  oxide, and ozone that exist in small quantities
  in the atmosphere.
• These gases form a blanket' that keeps the
  earth an average of 33 degrees centigrade warmer.
• Without these gases the whole planet would be an
  icy wasteland with an average temperature of 16
  degrees centigrade below freezing

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The Greenhouse Effect
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Increase in carbon dioxide cause the earth to get
warmer

• CO2 contributes about 50 to the greenhouse
  effect
• Carbon dioxide is produced from burning wood,
  coal, gas, etc.
• The increase in carbon dioxide in the
  atmosphere is increasing the heat
  being absorbed from the earth.
• This trapped heat increases the evaporation of
  water from the oceans into the air to cause a
  greater increase in warming of the atmosphere.
  CO2 has a forcing effect on climate.

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Effects of other gases

• Methane is emitted during the production and
  transport of coal, natural gas, and oil.
  decomposition of organic wastes in municipal
  solid waste landfills and the raising of
  livestock.
• Nitrous oxide is emitted during agricultural
  and industrial activities, as well as during
  combustion of solid waste and fossil fuels.
• Very powerful greenhouse gases that are not
  naturally occurring include hydrofluorocarbons
  (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur
  hexafluoride (SF6), which are generated in a
  variety of industrial processes.

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The Earth's rising temperatures are chiefly the
result of the burning of fossil fuels (which puts
carbon dioxide a heat-trapping or greenhouse gas
in the atmosphere). Scientists, however, do not
currently agree that human-caused global warming
is a significant problem
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Impacts of Global Warming?

• The climate system varies through natural,
  internal processes and in response to variations
  in external forcing factors including solar
  activity, volcanic emissions, variations in the
  earth's orbit (orbital forcing) and greenhouse
  gases.
• The detailed causes of the recent warming
  remain an active field of research, but the
  scientific consensus identifies increased levels
  of greenhouse gases due to human activity as the
  main influence. This attribution is clearest for
  the most recent 50 years, for which the most
  detailed data are available.
• Contrasting with the scientific consensus,
  other hypotheses have been proposed to explain
  most of the observed increase in global
  temperatures. One such hypothesis is that the
  warming is caused by natural fluctuations in the
  climate or that warming is mainly a result of
  variations in solar radiation.
• None of the effects of forcing are
  instantaneous. Due to the thermal inertia of the
  Earth's oceans and slow responses of other
  indirect effects, the Earth's current climate is
  not in equilibrium with the forcing imposed.
  Climate commitment studies indicate that even if
  greenhouse gases were stabilized at present day
  levels, a further warming of about 0.5 C
  (0.9 F) would still occur

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Millions at Risk of Hunger and Water Stress in
Asia Unless Global Greenhouse Emissions Cut
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Climate Change Hits Hard on Latin America and the
Caribbean.
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Polar bear "walking on thin ice" across the
Arctic in order to reach marine seal-hunting
grounds.
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Algae fills a pool fed by Canada Glacier in the
Dry Valleys region of Antarctica with some
experts forecasting the melting of half the
Arctics summer sea ice by the centurys end.
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The Arctic is heating up at least twice as fast
as the rest of the planet, according to the final
report of the Arctic Climate Impact Assessment
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The Esperanza surrounded by small ice floats in
the Ross Sea, Southern Ocean Whale Sanctuary
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Findings of IPCC

• The United Nations formed a group of scientists
  called the INTERNATIONAL PANEL ON CLIMATE
  CHANGE OR IPCC.
• The IPCC was established in 1988 to study
  climate change information.
• The group doesnt do independent research but
  instead reviews scientific literature from around
  the world.
• The groups goal is to produce a balanced
  reporting of existing viewpoints on the causes
  of global warming.
• The IPCC meets every few years to review the
  latest scientific findings and write a report
  summarizing all that is known about global
  warming.

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Some of the findings are as under

• The 1990s was the warmest decade, and 1998 the
  warmest year on global record.
• The burning of coal, oil gas has increased
  the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere by 30 over
  natural levels
• The Earth is warming faster than at any time in
  the past 10,000 years

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What we can do, to stop GLOBAL WARMING?

• Use the washing machine or dishwasher only when
  they are full
• Take a shower instead of a bath
• Use less hot water
• Be sure youre recycling at home
• Reuse your shopping bag
• Plant a tree
• Buy locally grown and produced foods
• Buy fresh foods instead of frozen
• Seek out and support local farmers markets
• Buy organic foods as much as possible
• Eat less meat

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What we can do, to stop GLOBAL WARMING?

• Reduce the number of miles you drive by walking,
  biking, carpooling or taking mass transit
  wherever possible
• Keep your car tuned up
• Drive carefully and do not waste fuel
• When it is time for a new car, choose a more fuel
  efficient vehicle
• Try car sharing
• Try telecommuting from home
• Fly less
• Encourage your school or business to reduce
  emissions
• Join the virtual march
• Encourage the switch to renewable energy
• Protect and conserve forest worldwide
• Consider the impact of your investments
• Make your city cool
• Tell Congress to act
• Make sure your voice is heard!

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Solution for Global Warming?

• We have the technology and ingenuity to reduce
  the threat of global warming today. Solutions are
  already available that will stimulate various
  economy for different countries by creating jobs,
  saving consumers money, and protecting our
  national security. By investing in renewable
  energy and energy efficiency, and increasing the
  efficiency of the cars we drive, we can take
  essential steps toward reducing our dependence on
  oil and other fossil fuels that cause global
  warming.
• Using energy more efficiently and moving to
  renewable energy (wind, solar, geothermal, and
  bio energy) would significantly reduce our
  emissions of heat-trapping gases. The United
  States currently produces 70 percent of its
  electricity from fossil fuels such as coal,
  natural gas, and oil, but only two percent from
  renewable sources. Since the burning of fossil
  fuels releases large amounts of carbon
  dioxidethe leading cause of global warmingbut
  renewable energy does not, increasing the share
  of our electricity generated from renewable
  resources is one of the most effective ways to
  reduce global warming emissions.
• By putting energy efficiency, renewable energy,
  and vehicle technology solutions in place at the
  federal level, we can reduce our contribution to
  global warming while creating a stronger,
  healthier, and more secure WORLD.

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Individual

• What difference can I make ? When faced with
  this question, individuals should recognize that
  collectively they can make a difference
• Recycling newspapers, plastics, glass and metal
  will help a lot.

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Industry Actions

• Industry can take a leading role in focusing
  serious attention on global warming
• Everyone knows that reducing waste is good for
  the environment. What most people dont know is
  that solid waste reduction and recycling help
  address global climate change. How? By decreasing
  the amount of heat-trapping greenhouse gases that
  are linked to everyday trash.

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International

• Climate change is a global problem requiring
  action from the entire international community.
  Countries from around the world are working
  together to share technologies, experience,
  resources and talent to lower net greenhouse gas
  emissions and reduce the threat of global climate
  change.
• One important strategy for reducing global
  greenhouse gas emissions is developing and
  sharing climate-friendly technologies.

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At last, we have to diffuse the bomb of
GLOBAL WARMING
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Spread the word! Tell other people things that
they can do to help prevent global
warming. - Remember -- Every person makes a
difference!