Carbon Nanocapsules The Application for Lighting

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Carbon Nanocapsules The Application for Lighting

• Dr. Haley H. Lu (??? ??)
• PhD from NTU Electro-Optical Engineering
• RD Director of TCY-Tech Power Energy Limited

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The Emerging Trends of Lighting
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Evolution of Lighting
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Why LED ?

• Lower Energy Consumption
• consumes only 20 30 of incandescent lamps, 50
  of halogen lamps.
• Longer Life Span
• 50000 100000 hours (10-12 years)
• Lower Light Decay
• A well managed LED light has less than 5 light
  decay after thousands of hours operation.
• Environmental Friendly
• No Filament No Gas - No Mercury - No UV rays -
  No Plumbum - No Hazardous Substance

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Why LED ?

• Eye Protective
• LED lighting is free from strobe flash lighting
  that incandescent lamps and other lamps have.
• High Brightness
• A more vivid color of lighting, giving clearer
  images than low brightness lamps
• Wide Color Temperatures
• Warm white, Cool White, RGB, Ranging from 2700K
  7000K

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LED Key Factors
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Key Factors of LED Lighting

• Constant Current Driver Technology
• Power Factor
• Efficiency
• Stability in static current driving
• Light Decay
• Maintenance of brightness at a longer period
• Heat Dissipation
• Maintaining LED junction temperature at low to
  increase its lifespan
• Cost
• To be Economical in Mass Application

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Heat Dissipation Issue Impacts

• LED operation temperature rise with 2 major
  impacts
• (1) Decrease luminance (LV)
• (2) Decrease LED Lifespan

Luminance decrease example (For x-brand LED
Chip) While Tj is 25?(typical ambient temp.),
the luminance (LV) is 100 Tj rises to 75?? LV
reduced to 93 Tj reaches to 115?? LV reduces to
85 Tj reaches to 125?? LV reduces to 83 Tj
reaches to 150?? LV only 80
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LED Junction Temperature Lifespan Relationship
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How to Disperse Excess Heat?

• Radiation/Convection
• Passive/active energy transmission into immediate
  environment
• Conduction
• External heat-sink Copper ladder add-on frame
• Internal heat-sink (Copper-INVAR-Copper)
• Thermally conductive substrate (non-metallic)
• Thermally conductive insulated metal substrate
  (IMS)

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Heat Dispersion by Heat Sink

• Passive Active

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Disadvantage of Active Heat Sink

• Expensive
• Boggy

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Disadvantage of Passive Heat Sink

• Boggy
• Depends on Thermal Convection

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Carbon Nanocapsules Solution
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Traditional Coating Materials

• Ceramic
• Boron Nitride, BN
• Silicon Carbide, SC
• Normally, reducing 35 ?

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Carbon Nanocapsules (CNCs)

• A CNCs is made up of concentric layers of
  polyhedral closed graphitic sheets, leaving a
  nano-scale cavity in its center.
• The size of the CNCs ranges from a few to several
  tens of nanometers, roughly the same as the
  diameters of multiwall carbon nanotubes.
• It can also be filled with metal, transitional
  metals or rare earth elements to exhibit unique
  photonic, magnetic and electrical properties and
  have molecular structures that can be readily
  functionalized for a variety of applications

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Properties

• Structure Multi-Graphene Layers
• Size d 1060 nm
• Aspect ratio 12
• Thermal Stability (O2) gt600ºC
• Dispersion Easy, after surface functionalized
  (40mg/ml)
• Disperse in both organic and water based
  solvents/materials
• Radical Quenching Rate-(OH) (g/L)-1 s-1 1.16
  108
• Electric Conductivity(RT) 102 103 S/cm2
• Thermal Conductivity(RT) 1600 w/mk

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Radiation Heat Dissipation Technology for LED
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Increasing The Radiative Capability of Normal
Heat Sink
Convection
Convection
Radiation
Conduction
Conduction
Heat Source
Heat Source
With Coating
Without Coating
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Traditional vs CNCs Coating

• Aluminum Thin Plate with CNCs Coating (30 of the
  BOM Cost)
• Thinner
• Same Design for Higher Power

• Aluminum Heat Sink (4060 of the BOM cost)
• Boggy
• Different Design for Higher Power

Or
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Increasing The Radiative Capability of Normal
Heat Sink
Up to 96
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Heat Dissipation Improvement by CNCs Coating
14 W LED Module
Font View
Rear View
With Coating
Without Coating
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The Heat dispatching efficiency is the same
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Test Report
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Test Report
With Coating
Without Coating
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Comparison of Conventional LED and Spiral Bulbs
Spiral Bulbs
LED Lamps
1
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Price
(Expensive)
Luminous Efficiency (lm/w)
6070
70-80
(Power Consumption)
lt800
gt1500
Max Luminance (lm)
(Not Brightness Enough)
6,000
50,000
Lifespan (hrs)
(Shorter Lifespan)
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Does the LED Lamps have 50,000 Hours Lifespan
Real ?
LED Chip
50,000 Hours Lifespan
Not LED Lamps
LED Lamps Chip Driver Heatsink
Parabolic Reflector Lens
Package
The 50,000 hours lifespan is estimated not REAL !
Do not be fooled!
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LED Lamps Lifespan Estimation
LM-80 Test Data
Environmental Protection Agency Department of
Energy, USA
TM-21 Estimation Method
Test Time 6,000 10,000
hrs Sampling Interval 1,000 hrs
The real test is just about 11.5 years.
Consumer always say Why is the LED so
easily broken?
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Light Ripple

• Non-high temperature Traditional LED

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LED Lamps Improvement
With Coating
Without Coating
Luminous efficiency (lm/w)
65
100
975 lm
15W LED Lamps
1500 lm
Lamps Number with Same Luminance
3
2
Lifespan (hrs)
85,000
113,000
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Product Excellence of TCY-Techs CNCs Film
Hardness (110)
10Diamond 9Corundum 8Topaz 7Quartz 6Orthoclas
e
95 6-9H
100 20µm
Film Thickness
Excellent CNCs Film Technology !
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Thank You !
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EMI Shielding Effect
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Temperature Measurement
Phosphoric Glue
T1
T2
T3
LED
Silicon
Substrate 
Heat Dissipation Film
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Radiative Heat Transmission

• Thermal radiation is generated when heat from the
  movement of charges in the material is converted
  to electromagnetic radiation.
• No medium is necessary for radiation to occur,
  for it is transferred by electromagnetic waves
  radiation takes place even in and through a
  perfect vacuum?
• Since the amount of emitted radiation increases
  with increasing temperature, a net transfer of
  energy from higher temperatures to lower
  temperatures results.

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Comparison