The Ateneo SCADA Project

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The Ateneo SCADA Project

• Automation of Room F-311
• Electronics, Computer and Communications
  Engineering Program
• School of Science and Engineering
• Ateneo de Manila University
• Loyola Heights., Quezon City

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- a proactive and productive management approach
wants - real-time business productivity
information compared with - profitability
indices, allowing production to be - redirected
towards better profitability now and not later
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Presentation Includes
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• An Introduction
• Project Technical Discussions
• 1. Overview
• 2. Features
• 3. Block Diagrams
• 4. Technical Details
• Conclusion
• Appendices

SCADA stands for Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition
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I. Introduction
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• The Information Age
• - a business manages profitability in revenues
• and costs
• - profitability is decreased as the costs
  increase
• - persists until the next management
• review process
• - profitability is eroded by the minute
• Variances
• - the past week VS the week before last
• - month to date VS month to date
• last month (or last year)
• History - Variance looks at history

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I. Introduction
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• Proactive - now and not later
• - a proactive and productive
• management approach wants
• - real-time business productivity
• information compared with
• - profitability indices, allowing
• production to be
• - redirected towards better
• profitability now and not later

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I. Introduction
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• IT "accurate, relevant, and timely"
• on-line, real-time business information
• transcend the traditional variance review
• rate of change of variance
• automatically inform responsible officials
• no more waiting for the next management review
  process
• the rate of change of variance a the guiding
  principle

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I. Introduction
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• IT "accurate, relevant, and timely"
• profitability trends that can become
  disadvantageous can be spotted and immediately
  corrected
• trends that are advantageous could lead the
  company to ask the question, what did we do
  right? so that it can be assessed and replicated

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I. Introduction
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• the setting
• - the conversion of Room F-311 into
• an intelligent room
• the Ateneo SCADA Project
• - introduces students the awareness
• of profitability as the primordial goal
• the technology that they bring with them
• - supportive of this goal

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I. Introduction
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• Each control function
• - resides in independent computers
• (as in distributed control systems
• or DCS)
• - managed by a local master
• through the communication ports
• - Failure in this communication system
• makes the independent computers
• perform their fail safe functions

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I. Introduction
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• ingress and egress functions
• illumination function - amount of energy
• air-conditioning function - amount of energy
  removed
• air-circulation function
• local master function
• remote master function

added feature illumination and temperature
sensors designed / built by the project, not
procured
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I. Introduction
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• communication with remote master
• - anywhere in the world is by telephone
• - provides added security to the system
• dynamic plots and graphs of profitability and
  cost indices reside at the remote master
• normal conditions
• - all control parameters (set points)
• - originate from the remote master
• - simulates the active control of Head Office

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II. Technical Discussions
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• 1. Overview
• 2. Features
• 3. Block Diagrams
• 4. Technical Details

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1. Overview
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• To the students credit
• - a strong commitment to the project
• - course framework derived from
• three sessions of class planning

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1. Overview
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• control philosophy
• - all systems will "fail" on the safe side
• - for example
• . case failure of the local master
• gt air-con will shut down
• gt lighting system continues
• . case - failure of PC
• gt shut down lights and fans
• gt shut down air-con

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1. Overview
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• The broad outline of the course Introduction
  Module 1 - Overview Module 2 - Inventory of
  Competencies Module 3 - Parallel Port for
  Interfacing Module 4 - Serial Port Interfacing
  Module 5 - Serial Data Transfer (PC-to-PC)
  Module 6 - Serial Data Transfer (PC-to-PC
• using Modems) Module 7 - Remote Control
  Via Telephone Module 8 - Conversion of the
  one-to-one
• RS232 into a Multi-drop System Module 9 -
  Thyristors Module 10 - Stepper Motors

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2. Features
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• A. Management of Project
• - simulated a contract project to include
• . quality and
• . milestones
• - project acceptance
• . Oct 5, 2000 functional presentation
• Ateneo ECCE Faculty

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2. Features
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• A. Management of Project
• Project Leaders Project Mgr -- Albert Causo
  Asst Prj Mgr -- John Paul Fajardo
  Logistics/Docs -- Tyrone Tai Quality Assurance
  -- Joanne Dy

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2. Features
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• B. Project Components and Milestones
• a) Lights Fans - John Paul Fajardo, Maritoni
  Rose Lee
• Mimienne Celemin
• SCR, RS232, ADC - Jul 25DAC - Aug
  1Dimmer Function - Aug 15Algorithms -
  Sep 1System Commissioning - Sep 21
• b) Air-Con - Ryan Chong, Thomas Edison YuRelay,
  RS232, ADC, DAC - Aug 1Compressor Control -
  Aug 15Algorithms - Sep 1System
  Commissioning - Sep 21

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2. Features
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• B. Project Components and Milestones
• c) Access Control - Rommel Castillo, Albert
  CausoConcept and Block Diagram -
  Jul 25Procurement of Materials - Aug 1RS232,
  Algorithms - Sep 1System Commissioning -
  Sep 21
• d) Local Master Controller - Tyrone Tai, Joanne
  DyRS232 (4 slaves to 1 master) - Jul 25Local
  Algorithm - Sep 1Remote Algorithm and Modem
  - Sep 21

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2. Features
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• B. Project Components and Milestones
• e) Remote Master Controller - Rosby Quiambao,
  Antonio GanzonConcept, Block Diagram, RS232 -
  Jul 25Procure Materials - Aug 1Algorithms
  - Sep 1System Commissioning - Sep 21

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3. Block Diagrams
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• A. Overall View
• B. Remote Master (The IT component)
• C. Local Master
• - Overview and Detailed Function
• D. Access Control
• E. AirCon Control
• G. Lights and Fans

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Logic of AirCon Control
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• AirCon Control averages readings of two sensors
• compares it average with the set-point from
  local master
• normal - plus/minus 0.5 degree Celsius from the
  average
• system shuts off the compressor when average
  temperature is 0.5 degree below the set-point
• the converse not turn on the compressor elapsed
  time monitor that
• - "allows"
• - "prevents"
• mechanical reason

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Line 1
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RECTIFICATION
Line 2
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LOAD
Line 1
Line 2
A / C
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Ramp Generator
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Timing Sequence
ZCD (Zero-Crossing Detector)
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START
END
START
END
FIRE-1
FIRE-2
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Two Coupling Techniques
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H. Some Highlights

• project used surplus materials from past
  experiments
• thyristors were procured from a surplus store
  in Marikina
• temperature sensing elements - base-emitter
  junction of 2N2222
• light sensing elements - light sensitive
  resistors
• components mostly LM555, LM741, GP transistors,
  opto-isolators
• functions could be performed by lower level
  computers
• - XT, AT, 386, 486, Pentium, or higher

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III. Conclusion

• Some ask why do you have to re-invent the
  wheel?
• our answer we Filipinos must learn to
• - to re-invent and
• - to create for our technology to mature
• - to develop our freedom to think
• - to take pride in our technology

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III. Conclusion

• we strongly suggest for a very strong national
  program that puts value to
• - initiatives that unleash the
• Filipino's creative potentials
• we want our graduates
• - to introduce value
• - be happy for the feeling
• - take pride that he has done so

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IV. Appendix

• Outline of Learning Elements
• Precaution section - Since this is an interface
  project between the PC and various other devices,
  a precaution was made that all interconnections
  be done through an opto-isolator IC (4N25)
• Analog sectiono the LM555, LM741, 2N2222, 2N2907
  and several other electronic components proved
  formed the platform for the learning
  processo the ability to use potentiometers in
  designing circuits proved to be effective
  time-savers for adjusting the quiescent state
  zero levels, and the required span
• Analog sensorso the base-emitter junction of the
  2N2222 was utilized as the sensing element for
  temperatureo the light-sensitive resistor was
  utilized as the sensing element for
  illuminationo as a matter of policy, the project
  deliberately avoided purchasing calibrated,
  ready-made sensorso this enabled the project to
  create sensors, in contrast to using sensors

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IV. Appendix

• Outline of Learning Elements
• Microcomputer and software sectiono show outline
  of software to directly control hardware
  portso single-step each assembler mnemonic
  command o in the case of output commands to
  see how the hexadecimal code at the
  microprocessors AX register is reflected at each
  of the pins of the specified computer port, whose
  address is contained in the DX registero in the
  case of input commands, to see if the content of
  the microprocessors AL register reflects the
  digital code presented at each of the pins of the
  input port, whose address is contained in the DX
  register
• Digital output hardware section o this section
  is composed of logic gates (74LS00, 74LS02,
  74LS04), multiplexers (74LS258), latches
  (74LS273), and other TTL-compatible deviceso an
  output command, which is intended for a digital
  function is sent to an 8-bit latch, which is duly
  enabled in timeo similarly, an output command,
  which is intended for an function is sent to an
  8-bit latch, duly enabled, and sent to a
  digital-to-analog converter (DAC)o this analog
  signal would become one of the following
  set-point values (a) the set-point for the
  illumination, (b) the set-point for the
  temperature control, and (c) the set-point for
  the fan speed.o input function

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IV. Appendix

• Outline of Learning Elements
• Digital input hardware section o this section is
  composed of the same TTL and TTL-compatible
  devices as the digital output hardware
  sectiono in this case, an input command takes
  data from an analog value, which has been
  digitized at the analog-to-digital converter
  (DAC), whose output is stored in a latcho the
  multiplexer (74LS258) takes the higher four bits
  (nibble) and sends it to four status pins of the
  printer porto the software reads this value into
  the microcomputers AL register and is shifted to
  the AH registero the multiplexer then takes the
  lower four bits and sends it to the same four
  status pins of the printer porto the software
  again reads it into the AL registero the
  combination becomes the value of the digital code
  presented to the computer
• Interface between the analog and digital signals
  - the LM555, LM741, 2N2222 and the 2N2907 have
  proven to be among the most convenient interface
  devices for shifting between analog to TTL and
  vice-versa

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IV. Appendix

• Outline of Learning Elements
• The communication interface between
  computerso the serial port of the PC is designed
  for one machine communicating with another
  machineo this design is for exclusive one-to-one
  communicationo a one-to-many, or a many-to-many,
  communication is often done with the use of
  hardware converters that could become quite
  expensiveo a one-to-many communication was
  achieved by the project with the use of very
  inexpensive hardware, consisting of
  opto-isolators to convert voltage levels found in
  RS232 ports into current loops and vice versa
  with the use of the opto-isolator 4N25.

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IV. Appendix

• Outline of Learning Elements
• The communication interface with a remote
  computero interface with a remote computer was
  via a 56K modemo the use of non-standard
  communication protocols and software is one way
  of changing communication encoding algorithms at
  willo this means that secure data transfer can
  be achieved without going for the purchase of
  software that can be rather expensive or engage
  consultant/vendor assistance to achieve the
  purposeo the remote computer (or remote
  master) has the specific function of gathering
  business information so that it can plot trends
  in profitability.o it assigns costs to the
  energy consumed in the electrical appliances in
  the roomo it also assigns hourly costs to each
  individual present in the room
• The security sectiono a person seeking access to
  the room will enter his unique codeo he also
  enters the same unique code when he leaves the
  roomo the system acknowledges a valid code,
  opens the doors dead bolt, and keeps track of
  the time the person stayed in the room

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IV. Appendix

• Outline of Learning Elements
• The power section - power is controlled at six
  (6) points, namely 1) the on/off switch of the
  airconditioner for a maximum instantaneous
  current of about 1 ampere at 230 volts for the
  coils of a pilot relay 2) the compressor of the
  airconditioner with a maximum instantaneous
  current of about 120 amperes at 230 volts 3) one
  bank of light bulbs with 200 watts with
  independent variable energy control to achieve
  the desired illumination levels 4) another bank
  of light bulbs with 200 watts, also with
  independent variable energy control to achieve
  the desired illumination levels 5) a bank of two
  ceiling fans with an approximate maximum load of
  about 100 watts, also provided with independent
  variable energy speed control to provide the
  necessary air circulation to make the temperature
  readings a around the room as uniform as
  possible 6) power to a 2-ampere reversible DC
  motor that controls the dead bolt lock of the
  door

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