Global connections Unit 3

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Global connections Unit 3

• Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire
• Islam

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The Early Middle Ages500-1000 AD

• Characteristics (a dark age?)
• Culture
• 3 elements (German, Christian, Roman)
• How did the Church survive as the Empire fell?
• Autonomy (courts and law)
• Leadership
• Organization

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Role of the Pope and Clergy

• Caesaropapism The Bishop of Rome as the only
  unifying force in Western Europe
• Gregory the Great (590-614)The first Pope to
  exercise independent Temporal power
• Priests (Sacraments), Bishops
• Monks and Nuns (Manuscript illumination)
• St. Benedict (Monte Cassino 529)
• Missionary work (St. Boniface)

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Manuscript Illumination
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Germanic Culture

• Oral tradition
• Rural not urban
• Legal system
• Trial by ordeal
• Customs
• Polygamy
• Incest

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The Frankish Kingdom

• Clovis
• Allied with the Roman Catholic Church and united
  Frankish Kingdoms in 481
• Began the Merovingian Dynasty
• On his death years of civil war and the empire
  divided into 3 parts
• Result Emergence of a noble warrior class and a
  new position Mayor of the Palace

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Europe in 526 AD
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The Carolingians

• Began as a Mayors of the Palace
• Restructured the Frankish lands
• Pippin of Landon, Pippin II, Charles Martel,
  Pippin III (or The Short)
• Charles Martel (714-744) Battle of Tours (732)
• Pippin III asked the Pope to name him King of the
  Franks in 751 (1st Carolingian King)
• End of the Merovingian Dynasty

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Biographical Information

• Born April 2, 742 in Aix-la-Chapelle, France
• Son of Pepin III
• Hunting, riding, and singing
• Christian upbringing
• 4 legal wives and 6 concubines
• Many children only 3 reached adulthood

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Scholarship

• He Studied Logic, Rhetoric, Dialects
• He could read Latin but could not write
• He Sponsored education by establishing Cathedral
  schools
• At his court in Aachen (aka. Aix-Le-Chapelle)
  Charlemagne assembled scholars
• Alcuin of Northumbria
• Einhard (Vita Caroli)

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Charles as Emperor

• Charlemagne and Carloman (his brother) assumed
  the throne in 768
• When Carloman-died 771 Charles becomes the sole
  ruler
• Saved Papacy from Lombards 773-774
• Defeated the Byzantines and the Avars
• Used fear and his incredible energy to control
  his Empire
• 4,000 Saxons killed at Verdun in one day

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The Empire of Charlemagne
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Organization of the Empire

• Delegated authority to local Counts
• Checked on what they were doing using a system of
  Missi Dominici (agents of the King)
• One clergy one layman (every year)
• He sought to awe conquered peoples with his
  fierce presence and terrible justice

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Battle of Roncesvalles 778

• On way home form Spain his rear guard was
  ambushed by Basques or Saracens
• Roland became a great hero of many songs, dances,
  and romances (The Song of Roland)

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The Coronation of Charlemagne

• Christmas Day 800
• Pope Leo III crowns Charlemagne as Holy Roman
  Emperor
• This event solidifies his identity as a man of
  Frankish practices and Christian ideals
• Benefits for Charles? The Church?
• Did he know?

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Charlemagne came to Rome to restore the condition
of the Roman church.At that time he received the
title of emperor and Augustus, though he was so
much opposed to this at first that he said he
would not have entered the church that day had he
been able to foresee the pope's intention,
although it was a great feast day. Nevertheless
he endured very patiently the envy of the
Eastern Roman emperors, who were indignant
about his accepting the title, and, by sending
many embassies to them and addressing them as
brothers in his letters, he overcame their
arrogance by his magnanimity, in which he
certainly excelled them. Einhard the Monk