A short history

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A short history and some insight into the future
of IT
Lionel Brunie National Institute of Applied
Sciences (INSA) LIRIS Laboratory/DRIM Team UMR
CNRS 5205 Lyon, France http//liris.cnrs.fr/lione
l.brunie
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Laboratoire d InfoRmatique en Image et Systèmes
dInformation UMR CNRS 5205 (LIRIS)

• 280 persons 100 permanent researchers and
  staff 180 PhD students
• 2 departments
• Image processing
• Data-Knowledge-Services
• DRIM team Distributed processing, Information
  Retrieval, Multimedia and Mobility

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Agenda

• Back to (pre-)history
• What has happened to IT ?
• Visions for a new (IT) world ?

Master course - Lyon, 2011-2012 - 08/11/2015
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A short history of computers and IT
60 years ago
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A short history of computers and IT
20 years ago
Master course - Lyon, 2011-2012 - 08/11/2015
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A short history of computers and IT
Today
Master course - Lyon, 2011-2012 - 08/11/2015
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A short history of computers and IT
Today
Master course - Lyon, 2011-2012 - 08/11/2015
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A short history of computers and IT
Tomorrow ?
Master course - Lyon, 2011-2012 - 08/11/2015
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A short history of computers and IT The Jaguar

• 224162 cores Memory 300 TB Disk 10 PB
• AMD x86_64 Opteron Six Core 2600 MHz (10.4
  GFlops)
• Rmax 1759 Rpeak 2331
• Power 6,950 MW
• http//www.nccs.gov/jaguar/

Master course - Lyon, 2011-2012 - 08/11/2015
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A short history of computers and IT Tianhe-1A

• 186 368 cores Memory 229 TB Disk 10 PB
• 14336 Intel EM64T Xeon X56xx (Westmere-EP) 2930
  MHz (11.72 GFlops) 7168 NVidia GPU Tesla M2050
• Rmax 2566 Rpeak 4701
• Power4,04 MW only !

Master course - Lyon, 2011-2012 - 08/11/2015
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A short history of computers and IT K-computer

• 705 024 cores Memory 1410 TB Disk 10 PB
   6D-Torus-Tofu  Network
• 88128 Fujitsu 2.0GHz 8-core SPARC64 VIIIfx
  processors packed in 864 cabinets (1 cabinet 96
  computing nodes 6 I/O nodes)
• Rmax 10510 Rpeak 11280 (computing
  efficiency 93,2 )
• Power12,7 MW only !

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Master course - Lyon, 2011-2012 - 08/11/2015
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A short history of computers and IT The LCG
System Architecture
Tier-0
Trigger and Data Acquisition System
10 Gbps links Optical Private Network (to almost
all sites)
Tier-1
General Purpose/Academic/Research Network
Tier-2
From F. Malek LCG FRance
Master course - Lyon, 2011-2012 - 08/11/2015
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And in 2011, a (still) new paradigm the Cloud

• A large-scale distributed computing paradigm
  that is driven by economies of scale, in which a
  pool of abstracted, virtualized,
  dynamically-scalable, managed computing power,
  storage, platforms, and services are delivered on
  demand to external customers over the Internet
• Amazon, Google, Microsoft even LOréal !
• Everything as a service
• Infrastructure as a service
• Platform as a service
• Software as a service
• Behind the scene a grid
• Do not worry, be happy the cloud takes care of
  your all your digital activities
• Issue digital activity, digital life, life ?
• For the first time in the history of mankind,
  somebody, thing can know everything about your
  life your professional data, your friends, the
  movies/the leisure you like, your friends, your
  political opinions, your mood

Master course - Lyon, 2011-2012 - 08/11/2015
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What has happened to IT ?
Master course - Lyon, 2011-2012 - 08/11/2015
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Technological Evolutions

•  Universal  identification
• RFID - Electronic Product Code (EPC)
  EPCGlobalNetwork Object Naming Service (ONS)
• IETF Host Identity Protocol (HIP)
• Large bandwidth communications
• Optical fiber
• 3G, 3G, 4G, WiMax
• WiFi Direct
• Geopositioning
• GPS/Galileo
• GSM

Master course - Lyon, 2011-2012 - 08/11/2015
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Technological Evolutions (Contd)

• Super computing
• Parallel super-computers (1- Jaguar (224162
  cores, 2,3(1,7) Pflops))
• Super-clusters (Google 1,8 millions of servers ?
  Soon 10 millions ?)
• Super storage
• Key GB
• Disk TB
• Data Center PB
• Micro-Nano technologies
• Sensors Sensor networks
• Convergence digital camera telephone laptop ?
  smartphone

Master course - Lyon, 2011-2012 - 08/11/2015
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Software Evolutions

• Cloud computing
• Social networks
• Services - SOA
• E-Services
• Mobility (M-services)
• Object ? Service / Service ? Object
• All digital, any where, any time Era

Master course - Lyon, 2011-2012 - 08/11/2015
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Vision Calm Technology

•  The most profound technologies are those that
  disappear. They weave themselves into the fabric
  of everyday life until they are indistinguishable
  from it 
• The objective of pervasive computing is to
  make a computer so imbedded, so fitting, so
  natural, that we use it without even thinking
  about it.
• Ubiquitous (pervasive) computing is roughly the
  opposite of virtual reality. Where virtual
  reality puts people inside a computer-generated
  world, ubiquitous computing forces the computer
  to live out here in the world with people.
•  A new way of thinking about computers in the
  world, one that takes into account the natural
  human environment and allows the computers
  themselves to vanish in the background 
• Mark Weiser, Xerox PARC, 1991-

Master course - Lyon, 2011-2012 - 08/11/2015
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Vision (Contd)

• M. Satyanarayanan, 2001
• Pervasive computing environment  one saturated
  with computing and communication capability, yet
  so gracefully integrated with users that it
  becomes a technology that disappears 
• So
• Smart spaces
• Invisibility and transparency
• Scalability

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Visions (Contd))

• I just want to use these f so-called smart
  objects/appliances/
• I want to get rid of the software/hardware/netwo
  rk organization/structure I just want to access
  my personal data and the data I need what ever
  the place /when ever the time
• Put down the barriers no network
  interconnection pb, no computer administration
  frontiers
• What about security/privacy ???

Master course - Lyon, 2011-2012 - 08/11/2015
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Visions (Summary)

• The object-subject is actor (a first-class
  citizen) of the system
• smart objects / smart everything
• active objects
• Intelligence is, at first, the  network 
  i.e., the ability to exchange information
• Intelligence , is also the ability to
  self-adapt to the user profile and the context
  ( context awareness ), to weave into the
  environment
• Ego is part of the context
• Intelligence , finally, is the ability to
  organize
• autonomously (autonomic computing, self
  healing)
• spontaneously
• Ecosystem

Master course - Lyon, 2011-2012 - 08/11/2015
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Applications of Ubi./ Perv. Comp. (for today)

• Sensor networks (smart dust)
• Home networks
• Patient monitoring (personal area networks)
• Emergency management / battlefield / borders
  monitoring
• Museums and pervasive buildings
• Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks (VANET) / MANET
• Alert management (parking, kids, etc.)
• Supply chain

Master course - Lyon, 2011-2012 - 08/11/2015
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Applications of Ubi./ Perv. Comp. for tomorrow
maybe

• Society and RFID
• Personal data spaces
• Web of things
• Machine To Machine (M2M) / Object To Object (O2O)
• The never lasting intelligent fridge ?
• Maintenance Supply chain
• Intelligent sensors networks

Master course - Lyon, 2011-2012 - 08/11/2015
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Applications of Ubi./ Perv. Comp. for tomorrow
maybe(Contd)

• U-Society
• People to People (P2P) Facebook on your cell
  phone
• People to Object (P2O) Pachube
• Geopositioned Services App Store
• Spimes (Bruce Sterling) ?
•  Hypermatter  (Bernard Stiegler) ?
• Do-IOT-Yourself Arduino / Fab Lab ?

Master course - Lyon, 2011-2012 - 08/11/2015
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Back to the  vision  the Cloud

• An old dream Computing as a utility (John Mac
  Carthy Computation may someday be organized as
  a public utility (1961))
• A supposed to be user centered vision
• managing a computer is exhausting
• the user does not care about the system
  components the user just want his problem to be
  solved
• eliminate the burden of the software/hardware
  management
• allow the user benefit from economies of scale
• A business vision
• a small set of computing power providers
• a global market
• an integrated  hyper-market  computing,
  entertainment, learning ?
• for the best of the big companies

Master course - Lyon, 2011-2012 - 08/11/2015
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What IT world do you want to build ?
Master course - Lyon, 2011-2012 - 08/11/2015