Perspectives of Personality

1
Perspectives of Personality

• psychology

2
Psychoanalytic

• Freud
• Focused on- Unconscious
• Childhood experiences
• Internal forces (id, ego, superego)
• Psychosexual stages (OAPLG)
• Oedipus Electra complex
• Dreams are royal road to unconscious
• Defense mechanisms to deal w/ anxiety
• Tools Free association, projective tests TAT
  Rorchach, dream analysis

3
Psychoanalytic

• Tools Free association, projective tests TAT
  Rorchach, dream analysis

4
Neo- Freudian

• Alfred Adler ( need to conquer feelings of
  inferiority - inferiority complex)
• Karen Horney (believed Freuds theory was sexist)
• Carl Jung (collective unconscious)
• All believed in Freuds basic ideas,
• BUT emphasized more of our conscious experiences
  and environment
• Doubted sex aggression consumed our motivation

5
Humanistic

• Emphasis on human potential, positive view of
  humans
• Abraham Maslow (self-actualization)
• Carl Rogers (focused on growth and fulfillment of
  individuals)
• Genuine, Acceptance, Empathy
• Person/client centered
• Unconditional Positive Regard
• Self-Concept
• our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in an
  answer to the question, Who am I?

6
Social - cognitive/learning

• views behavior as influenced by the interaction
  between personality and their environment
• Albert Bandura
• Reciprocal Determinism - the interacting
  influences between personality and environmental
  factors
• Personal Control - sense of control over
  environment
• External vs. Internal Locus of Control
• Learned Helplessness
• Positive Psychology - M. Seligman
• scientific study of optimal human functioning

7
Trait

• a characteristic pattern of behavior
• assessed by self-report inventories and peer
  reports
• Factor analysis ( identify dimensions of
  personality)
• Gordon Allport (traits)
• William Sheldon (body shape)
• Hans and Sybil Eysenck (axes of characteristics)
• The Big Five Personality Factors
• Tools
• MMPI (most widely used personality test)
• Myers- Briggs - personality test