Population

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Population
Powerpoint produced by Rachel Farrell (PDST)
Aoife Healion (SHS, Tullamore) Sources of
information SEC Marking Schemes, newspaper
articles documentaries
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World Population Clock

• http//www.worldometers.info/world-population/

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Syllabus

• Economics of Population
• Global and national population, size, composition
  and trends.
• Over, under and optimum population.
• The labour force and employment.
• The importance of population, and its influence
  on economic development and growth.

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Exam Questions OL

• Short
• 2012 Q 8
• 2009 Q 2
• 2006 Q 2

• Long2012 Q 5 (a), (c)
• 2012 Q 8 (a)
• 2011 Q 8 (a) (b)
• 2010 Q 7 (a)
• 2009 Q 6
• 2008 Q 3 (c)
• 2007 Q 6
• 2005 Q 6 (a) (c)
• 2003 Q 7
• 2002 Q 7 (c)
• 2001 Q 7 (c)

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Exam Questions HL

• Short
• 2010 Q 9
• 2006 Q 1
• 2001 Q 9

• Long
• 2011 Q 8 (a) (b) (c)
• 2010 Q 8 (b) (c)
• 2008 Q 7 (c)
• 2005 Q 8 (a)
• 2003 Q 7 (c)

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Under Population

• Occurs when output and income per head increases
  as the population rises.
• As the population increases most people become
  better off.
• Eg. Australia, Newzeland Canada, Japan

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Complete skimming an article exercise on pdst
website
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Problems of underpopulation

• Increases the dependency ratio
• Smaller domestic market
• Labour shortages
• Less people to pay back the national debt.
• Students Write a brief explanation of each of
  these headings.

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Overpopulation

• Occurs in a country when output and income per
  head fall as the population rises.
• The economic resources are unable to support the
  increase in population without causing a decline
  in the SOL.
• Eg. India, China Ethiopia.

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Problems of overpopulation

• Unemployment
• Low SOL
• Pressure on resources, health, ed
• Scarcity of food
• Land prices may increase
• Harm to the environment
• Students Write a brief explanation of each of
  these headings.

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Optimum population

• Occurs when the level of population is such that
  the economic resources of the country are
  providing the maximum output per head.

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Factors that influence the size of population

• Birth Rate
• Is the number of live births for every 1,000
  members of the population.
• 2. Death Rate
• Is the number of deaths per 1,000 of the
  population.
• For population replacement the birth rate must be
  higher than the death rate

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• 3. Infant Mortality Rate
• Is the average number of deaths per year per
  1,000 live births.
• 4. Net Rate of Emigration/Immigration
• Is the total number of people who enter minus the
  total number who leave the country on a yearly
  basis.

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Emigration

• Is the number of people who leave the country
  permanently.

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Push forces

• Factors that compel people to leave their own
  country.
• Eg. Unemployment, low wages

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Pull forces

• Factors that attract people to another country.
• Eg. Climate, higher wages job opp

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Advantages of emigration

• 1. Reduction in unemployment
• Eases the pressure on gov to provide s/w jobs.
• 2. Reduces social costs of unemployment
• Less vandalism crime
• Emigrants return with skills money.

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Disadvantages of emigration

• 1. Smaller domestic market
• Less sales may lead to more unemployment.
• 2. Brain drain
• Benefits of money spent on education goes to
  other countries

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• 3. Increase in the dependency ratio
• Mostly 18 to 35 year olds leave.
• Less revenue from tax.
• More young old in the country.
• Greater burden on the government finances to
  provide services.

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Immigration

• Is when people from other countries come to live
  in Ireland permanently.

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Net migration

• Means that there are more people entering the
  country than leaving it.
• Ie. immigration is larger than emigration.

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Advantages of Immigrationplacemat exercise
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Disadvantages of Immigrationplacemat exercise
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2011 HL Q 8 (b)

• Discuss the reasons why Ireland is now
  experiencing a high level of net outward
  migration.

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2011 HL Q 8 (b)

• Foreign nationals returning home
• Economic recession in Ireland
• Falling wage rates in Ireland
• Rising level of tax in Ireland
• Job opportunities abroad
• Students Write a brief explanation of
  each point.

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Sources of population information

• 1. Census of population
• Carried out every 5 years.
• It is a head count of all the residence in
  Ireland.
• First one in Ireland in 1841
• Most recent one in 2006

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• 2. Registration of births deaths.
• By hospitals, doctors and relatives.

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• 3. Central Statistics Office (CSO)
• Quarterly National House Survey.
• Data compiled at air and sea ports.
• The Register of Electors.
• The Child Benefit Scheme.
• The no. of visas, work-permits asylum
  applications.

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Why is the census of population important? 2011 Q
8 (b)

• For the Government
• Infrastructural requirements
• Provision of essential services
• Pension planning
• Qualifications of workforce
• Students write a sentence for each.

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Why is the census of population important? 2011 Q
8 (b)

• For business
• Predict future level of demand
• Population data
• Labour market
• Students write a sentence for each.

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The 2011 census of Ireland highlighted that
Complete scanning exercise on pdst website
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Complete scanning exercise on pdst website
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Sample Word Wall
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Demography

• Is the statistical study of human population.
• It involves the study of the total size of the
  population and its composition.
• Eg. No of males, females, age profiles etc.

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Population Pyramid
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Population Pyramid

• Is a diagram that shows the distribution by age
  of the population of a country.
• In Ireland in 2006 the median age is approx 35
  years.
• Irelands population is becoming older.
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_pyramid

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Outline the economic implications of the changing
structure and size of the Irish population.2010
2005

• Use placemat to discuss
• Look up SEC marking schemes

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Effects of an aging population

•  
• Pressure on provision of state pensions
• Possible increased tax burden
• Increased government expenditure
• Changing pattern of demand
• Students discuss write an explanation for each
  heading

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Robert MalthusTheory of Population

• Nationality English
• Time 1766-1834
• Essay Principles of Population

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• Population closely connected to food supply
  production.
• Food has arithmetic growth (1,2,3,4)
• Population has geometric growth (2,4,8)
• Population would double every 25 years if left
  unchecked.

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• Famine disease and disasters would result.
• This would keep population within limits of food
  supply.

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• Forecast severe decline in the SOL in GB by the
  end of the 19th century.
• This did not happen.
• However the population explosion of the 21st
  century may prove him right.

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Thomas Robert Malthus Classical
Economist English (1776-1834) The Principles of
Population

• Applied the Law of Diminishing Returns to Land
• Best land taken up first, then next best, then
  inferior.
• At each stage the amount of food is less than
  before.

• Theory of
• Population Food
• Population grows geometrically (2,4,8,16,32).
• Food grows arithmetically (1,2,3,4,5,6).
• If population not kept in check famine disease
  would result.
• SOL did not fall in 19th C but his ideas were
  more relevant in the population explosion of the
  20th C

Iron Law of Wages An increase in wage above
subsistence level increase in population
increase in supply of labour decrease in wage
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World Population Clock

• http//www.worldometers.info/world-population/

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World population
7,000,000,000
7 billion
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World Population

• 1950 2.5 billion
• 1988 5 billion
• 2004 6.4 billion
• 2011 7 billion
• 2050 9 billion is estimate
• Africa set to record highest levels of growth 64
  158

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YouTube clips

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vsc4HxPxNrZ0
  (7billion video)
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?v4B2xOvKFFz4
  (most typical person)
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vaSpUWt_dpAo (why
  they are doing a series on population)

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Causes of world population explosion

• 1. Change in death rate
• People are now living longer.
• 2. Reduced infant mortality
• Less babies dying due to advances in medicine.
• 3. Fertility span lengthened
• Advances in treatments, women having babies in
  40s.
• 4. High birth rate
• In underdeveloped countries.

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Economic problems of the world population
explosion

• Scarcity of food.
• Could lead to price increases or famine.
• 2. A decrease in the average income per head.
• Will reduce the standard of living.
• 3. High levels of unemployment.
• Will put financial strain on the government to
  pay for welfare and social costs of crime
  violence.
• 4. Greater strain on education, health, housing
  social amenities
• As more people need public utilities but
  governments may lack the resources to provide
  them.

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The IMF the Millenium Development Goals

• Eradicate hunger poverty.
• Achieve universal primary education.
• Promote gender equity.
• Reduce child mortality.
• Improve maternal health,
• Combat HIV/AIDS malaria..
• Environmental sustainability.
• Improve trade debt relief.
• By 2015

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Discussion

• Chinas one child policy???
• Contraception ????
• Fertility treatment ????
• George Orwell 1984 ??????
• Euthenasia ??
• Pensions ?????
• Food ????
• Room to live/land wars ?????????

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Task Update this mindmap!