Age of Jackson

1
Age of Jackson

• Unit IVA
• AP United States History

2
Jacksonian Democracy

• The Common Man
• Universal male suffrage
• Strict constructionism
• Laissez-faire economics
• Democratization of nominations for elected office
• Party caucuses to national conventions
• Increase in local and state elected offices
• Rise of third parties
• Spoils system
• Manifest Destiny

County Election George Caleb Bingham 1852
3
Election of 1824

• Democratic-Republicans fracturing
• Election of 1824 has four candidates
• Sec. of State John Quincy Adams
• General/Senator Andrew Jackson
• Sec. of Treasury William Crawford
• Speaker of the House Henry Clay
• Corrupt Bargain
• House of Representatives chooses Adams
• Impact
• Establishment of Democrats and National
  Republicans
• Second Party System

4
House Vote for Election of 1824
5
John Quincy Adams (NR) (1825-1829)

• Son of Federalist John Adams
• National Republican
• Corrupt Bargain
• Most of his proposals rejected by a pro-Jackson
  Congress
• Alienated the South and West
• Tariff of 1828
• Tariff of Abominations

6
Second Party System (1828-1854)

• Democrats
• States rights
• Limited government
• Laissez-faire
• Expansionism
• Pro-slavery
• Equal opportunity
• South and West
• Yeoman farmers, working class, southern planters,
  immigrants

• Anti-Masonic Party
• issue party concerned about Freemasons
• promoted economic nationalism and social
  conservatism
• Liberty Party
• abolitionist party
• Free Soil Party
• Prevent expansion of slavery

Andrew Jackson

• National Republicans/Whigs
• American System
• Strong federal government
• Mixed on slavery
• Social conservatives
• New England
• Upper and middle class professionals, evangelical
  Protestants

Henry Clay
7
Election of 1828

• Andrew Jackson (D)
• John Q. Adams (NR)
• Political campaigns on national levels
• Coffin Handbills
• Jacksons wife

8
Old Hickory

• The Common Man
• Duelist, Gambler, Bar Fighter, Pipe-Smoker,
  Tobacco Chewer
• War Hero
• Spoils System
• Hired loyalists and friends
• A Strong Executive
• Mandate from the people
• It was settled by the Constitution, the laws,
  and the whole practice of the government that the
  entire executive power is vested in the President
  of the United States.
• Endorsed states rights
• Considered himself a Jeffersonian Democrat

9
Andrew Jackson (D) (1829-1837)

• Veto Power
• Maysville Road (1830)
• Peggy Eaton Affair
• Kitchen Cabinet
• Private group of trusted advisors
• Major Issues
• Native Removal
• Nullification Crisis
• Bank of the United States

10
Jackson and Native Removal

• Indian Removal Act (1830)
• Negotiate with Native tribes for removal west to
  lands west of the Mississippi
• Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831)
• Determined Native tribes not to be foreign
  states but as domestic dependent nations
• Worcester v. Georgia (1832)
• Determined sovereignty of Native tribes therefore
  not subject to state laws
• Apocryphal John Marshall had made his decision.
  Now let him enforce it! - Andrew Jackson
• Trail of Tears
• Many died from exposure, disease, starvation
• 60,000 removed 15,000 died

11
Jackson and the Nullification Crisis

• Tariff of Abominations (1828)
• South Carolina Exposition and Protest (1828)
• State could nullify federal law or possibly
  secede if necessary
• Webster-Hayne Debates (1830)
• Robert Hayne (SC)
• Daniel Webster (MA) Liberty and Union, now and
  forever, one and inseparable!
• Jefferson Day Dinner (1830)
• Andrew Jackson Our federal Union It must be
  preserved.
• John C. Calhoun The Union Next to our Liberty,
  the most dear.
• Tariff of 1832
• South Carolinas Ordinance of Nullification
  (1832)
• Force Bill (1833)
• Tariff of 1833

12
Election of 1832

• Andrew Jackson (D)
• Henry Clay (NR)
• William Wirt (Anti-Masonic)
• All candidates elected by national party
  convention
• Bank of the United States was central issue

13
Jackson and the Bank War

• Nicholas Biddle
• Bank supported by Henry Clay and Daniel Webster
• Andrew Jackson
• You are a den of vipers and thieves. I have
  determined to rout you out, and by the Eternal, I
  will rout you out!
• The bank, Mr. Van Buren, is trying to kill me,
  but I will kill it.
• Death of the National Bank
• Jackson vetoed the charter
• Transferred funds to state banks aka pet banks

14
Election of 1836

• Martin van Buren (D)
• Jacksons VP
• Whig Candidates
• William Henry Harrison (OH)
• Hugh White (TN)
• Daniel Webster (MA)
• Willie Mangum (NC)

15
Panic of 1837

• National debt paid off in 1835
• Specie Circular (1836)
• Purchase of federal lands by gold and silver
• Panic of 1837
• Land speculation and crop failures
• Hard currency led to devalue of paper money and
  inflation
• Denial of Bank charter
• States overextended in infrastructure projects
• Banks closed unemployment increased depression
  for next five years