Britain

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Britains Tightening Control On the Colonies
Prelude to the Revolution1763-1775
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Series of Acts (Laws) Passed by the British
Parliament

• Why were these laws passed?
• To protect the lands gotten in the French and
  Indian War (Area between Appalachians and
  Mississippi, Also, Canada)
• Pay war debts from the French and Indian War
• Enforce trade laws that benefited the British
  Empire
• Bring colonies under more control by the King and
  Parliament

British Parliament Building Big Ben, London
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Proclamation of 1763

• No settlement could be done in the lands that had
  been won in the French and Indian War.
• The reason for this act was to keep peace with
  the Native Americans and the costs of protecting
  the settlers would be too costly.

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Proclamation of 1763 Angers American Colonists
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Stamp Act of 1765

• The Stamp Act required a tax be paid on the
  following items
• Legal documents
• Pamphlets
• Newspapers
• Playing Cards
• This was a sales tax, not a direct tax.
• Eventually, due to protests in the colonies, the
  Stamp Act was repealed( done away with)

Protest Against the Stamp Act in Boston
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Declaratory Act of 1766

• Proclaimed that Parliament had the authority to
  tax the colonies on anything at anytime.

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Stamp Act
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Boston Massacre March 5th, 1770

• Boston youth and dockworkers begin to exchange
  insults in front of the Custom House (where taxes
  were charged on imports and exports).
• Snowballs were thrown.
• Crispus Attucks, an African American and four
  others were killed..
• The British soldiers were placed on trial and
  defended by Sam Adams cousin, John Adams (future
  2nd President of the US).
• The soldiers were found innocent, but the
  incident became a symbol of British tyranny
• ( non representative government)

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Intolerable Acts, 1774

• Boston Harbor is closed for punishment as the
  result of the Boston Tea Party.
• Americans must quarter ( house) British soldiers
  stationed in the colonies.

Sam Adams, Leader of the Sons of Liberty
Sons of Liberty Dressed as Indians Dumping
British Tea Into the Boston Harbor on December
16,1774
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The Boston Tea Party and the Intolerable Acts
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Townshend Acts of 1767

• Placed a tax on wine, tea, paper, glass, and lead

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Townshend Acts
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North Carolinas Road to Revolution

• Patriots (Whigs)-Americans who wanted complete
  independence from England. Most North Carolina
  Patriot support was in the backcountry among
  Scots-Irish, German, and English settlers.
• Loyalists (Tories)- Americans who wanted to
  remain loyal to England. Most Loyalist support
  was in the Coastal Plain among settlers of
  English descent and the Highland Scots along the
  Cape Fear River. (Remember! The Highland Scots
  had signed an oath stating they would always be
  loyal to the English.)

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North Carolina in 1773
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North Carolinas First Provincial Congress

• North Carolinas First Provincial ( provincial
  means local) congress met in New Bern in August
  of 1774. The delegates agreed that North Carolina
  would support patriot causes throughout the
  colonies. They also elected delegates to attend
  the First Continental Congress that met in
  Philadelphia in September, 1774.

Tryon Palace, New Bern
Aerial View of New Bern
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Edenton Tea Party

• Penelope Barker led 55 women of Edenton on the
  Albemarle Sound in a boycott of imported British
  tea.

Penelope Barker
London Newspaper Cartoon Attacking the Ladies
of Edenton, North Carolina
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Mecklenburg ResolvesMay 20,1775

• Mostly Scots-Irish settlers in Charlotte and
  Mecklenburg County declared themselves free and
  independent of British authority.

Charlotte The Queen City
Queen Charlotte of Mecklenburg
King George III
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Battles of Lexington and ConcordMassachusettsApr
il 19, 1775

• The committees of correspondence (communication
  network between the colonies) informs North
  Carolina that the British have fired upon local
  militias at the towns of Lexington and Concord
  west of Boston.
• Paul Revere, Samuel Prescott, and William Dawes
  had warned the communities that the British were
  advancing to stop Patriot support and destroy
  arsenals storing weapons.

Paul Revere
Old North Church Boston
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First Shots of the Revolution
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The Continental Army is Formed

• On May 25, 1775 following the Battles of
  Lexington and Concord the Second Continental
  Congress met in Philadelphia. Delegates included
• John Adams-Massachusetts
• Samuel Adams-Massachusetts
• John Hancock-Massachusetts
• Benjamin Franklin-Pennsylvania
• George Washington-Virginia (Chosen as Commander
  of the Continental Army)
• Patrick Henry-Virginia
• Richard Caswell-North Carolina
• John Penn- North Carolina
• William Hooper-North Carolina
• Joseph Hewes- North Carolina

Washington
Hancock
Sam Adams
John Adams
Franklin
Henry
Hewes Hooper Penn Caswell
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Formation of the Continental Army
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Battle of Bunker HillJune, 1775

• Militiamen seized Bunker Hill and Breeds Hill
  behind Charlestown near Boston, Massachusetts.
• British General William Howe crossed the bay with
  2,200 British soldiers.
• Patriot leader Colonel William Prescott gave the
  order Dont fire to you see the whites of their
  eyes!
• The British claimed the hill, but lost 1000 men
  compared to 400 Americans

Howe
Prescott
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Battle of Bunker Hill, Boston Massachusetts
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Halifax ResolvesApril 12, 1776

• North Carolina delegates meet at Halifax on
  April 12, 1776 and voted to instruct delegates to
  the Continental Congress to vote for total
  separation England.
• North Carolina was the first colony to do this.
• The Halifax Resolves and the Mecklenburg Resolves
  make North Carolina First in Freedom.
• The dates of the Halifax and Mecklenburg Resolves
  are on the North Carolina flag.

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Common Sense is Published

• Thomas Paine wrote this pamphlet in early 1776
  urging Americans to fight for independence. Paine
  ridiculed the idea that kings ruled by the will
  of God. Calling King George III the Royal
  Brute, Paine argued that all monarchies(
  kings/Queens) were corrupt.

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Thomas Paine Calls for Complete Separation from
England
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Battle of Moores Creek BridgeFebruary ,
1776Slip and Slide Battle

• North Carolinas Royal Governor Josiah Martin
  organizes a militia (small local army) made up of
  loyalists Highland Scots at Cross Creek (todays
  Fayetteville) to end patriot support along the
  Cape Fear River and southeastern North Carolina.
• Patriot forces led by Richard Caswell remove
  planks and grease girders on Moores Creek Bridge
  near Wilmington. As the loyalists march across
  the bridge the patriot troops open fire on them
• The Battle of Moores Creek Bridge causes the
  British to see that their loyalist support is
  limited in the Southern Colonies. The entire war
  effort is moved to the northern colonies.

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CROSS CREEK FAYETTEVILLE
MOORES CREEK BRIDGE
MOORES CREEK
WILMINGTON
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Highland Scot Loyalist Crossing the Moores Creek
Bridge, February, 1776
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North Carolinas First Constitution

• In the fall of 1776, North Carolina drafted its
  first state constitution in this house in Halifax
  and appointed Richard Caswell as the first
  governor of the State of North Carolina

Richard Caswell 1st Governor State of North
Carolina 1776
Constitution House, Halifax
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The Declaration of IndependenceJuly 4, 1776

• Thomas Jefferson of Virginia was chosen to draft
  the Declaration of Independence.
• The document is approved on July 4, 1776 in the
  Pennsylvania State House in Philadelphia (now
  Independence Hall).
• North Carolinas Signers
• William Hooper
• Joseph Hewes
• John Penn

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Thomas Jefferson(1743-1826)
Monticello, Charlottesville, Virginia
Jeffersons Grave
Jefferson Memorial Washington, D.C.
University of Virginia, Charlottesville
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INDEPENDENCE HALL PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA
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Powerful Words