MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS SYST 406 Dr. D. RATEB

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MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS SYST 406 Dr.
D. RATEB
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MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS SYST 406 Dr.
D. RATEB
TECHNOLOGY
AND
INSTITUTIONS
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MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS SYST 406 Dr.
D. RATEB
ZEINAB ABDELFATTAH ROAA ALIAN MOHAMED EL
DEMERDASH NAILA FATTOUH DANA HASHEM SALMA
KABIL YARA MANSOUR TAREK SHAHIN
ZEINAB ABDELFATTAH ROAA ALIAN MOHAMED EL
DEMERDASH NAILA FATTOUH DANA HASHEM SALMA
KABIL YARA MANSOUR TAREK SHAHIN
ZEINAB ABDELFATTAH ROAA ALIAN MOHAMED EL
DEMERDASH NAILA FATTOUH DANA HASHEM SALMA
KABIL YARA MANSOUR TAREK SHAHIN
ZEINAB ABDELFATTAH ROAA ALIAN MOHAMED EL
DEMERDASH NAILA FATTOUH DANA HASHEM SALMA
KABIL YARA MANSOUR TAREK SHAHIN
ZEINAB ABDELFATTAH ROAA ALIAN MOHAMED EL
DEMERDASH NAILA FATTOUH DANA HASHEM SALMA
KABIL YARA MANSOUR TAREK SHAHIN
ZEINAB ABDELFATTAH ROAA ALIAN MOHAMED EL
DEMERDASH NAILA FATTOUH DANA HASHEM SALMA
KABIL YARA MANSOUR TAREK SHAHIN
ZEINAB ABDELFATTAH ROAA ALIAN MOHAMED EL
DEMERDASH NAILA FATTOUH DANA HASHEM SALMA
KABIL YARA MANSOUR TAREK SHAHIN
ZEINAB ABDELFATTAH ROAA ALIAN MOHAMED EL
DEMERDASH NAILA FATTOUH DANA HASHEM SALMA
KABIL YARA MANSOUR TAREK SHAHIN
ZEINAB ABDELFATTAH ROAA ALIAN MOHAMED EL
DEMERDASH NAILA FATTOUH DANA HASHEM SALMA
KABIL YARA MANSOUR TAREK SHAHIN
WHAT CAN

• INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

AND
ORGANIZATIONAL STUDIES
LEARN FROM EACH OTHER?!!
ZEINAB ABDELFATTAH ROAA ALIAN MOHAMED EL
DEMERDASH NAILA FATTOUH DANA HASHEM SALMA
KABIL YARA MANSOUR TAREK SHAHIN
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INTRODUCTION
DEFINING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
DEFINING ORGANIZATIONAL STUDIES
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INTRODUCTION
ASSUMPTIONS
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATIONAL
STUDIES ARE TWO DISTINCT FIELDS
BOTH FIELDS PREVIOUSLY HAVE NOT BEEN INTEGRATED,
AND SO COULD LEARN EQUALLY FROM EACH OTHER.
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INTRODUCTION
CURRENTLY, HOWEVER, THE INFLUENCE THE TWO HAVE
ON EACH OTHER IS LOP-SIDED
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INTRODUCTION
CONTRASTING IT AND OS
IT OBJECTIVES
OS OBJECTIVES
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INTRODUCTION
THE ESTIMOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES
OS
IT
PARTICULAR
GENERAL
PRACTICAL
THEORETICAL
THEY ARE COMPLIMENTARY DIFFERENCES
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INTRODUCTION
THE ARTICLE PROVES THAT THEIR EPISTEMOLOGICAL
DIFFERENCES ARE COMPLEMENTARY
Particulars are important for theory building,
and theory is important for making sense of
specifics.
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WHAT ORGANIZATION STUDIES CAN LEARN FROM IT
RESEARCH?
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MATERIALISM VS. AGENCY
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MATERIALISM VS. AGENCY
IN THE 1960s AND 1970s, THEORISTS DEVISED
THEORIES OF RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN IT AND OS
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MATERIALISM VS. AGENCY

• There exist three main theories
• 1- Contingency Theory
• 2- Media-Richness Theory
• 3- Social Construction Theory

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MATERIALISM VS. AGENCY
CONTINGENCY THEORY
TECHNOLOGY AS A MATERIAL DETERMINANT OF AN
ORGANIZATIONS STRUCTURE
The more complex and unpredictable the
technology, the more likely are organizations to
adopt an organic rather than a mechanistic
structure
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MATERIALISM VS. AGENCY
MEDIA-RICHNESS THEORY
MEDIA-RICHNESS THEORY TRIES TO EXPLAIN
INDIVIDUALS CHOICES OF COMMUNICATION MEDIA IN
TERMS OF A MEDIUMS PROPERTIES.
Although the theory moves significantly towards
the concrete and welcomes the actual properties
of technology, it undermines organizational
cultures, group preferences, work practices, and
symbolic properties.
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MATERIALISM VS. AGENCY
SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION THEORY
SHIFTS AWAY FROM THE ABSTRACT AND MATERIAL IMAGE
OF TECHNOLOGY TO A VIEW OF TECHNOLOGIES AS
FUNDAMENTALLY SOCIAL OBJECTS
ACKNOWLEDGES THE ROLE OF HUMAN AGENCY IN
TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE
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BRIDGING THE GULF BETWEEN MATERIALISM VS. AGENCY
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MATERIALISM VS. AGENCY BRIDGING THE GULF
WHEN BRIDGING THE GULF, ELEMENTS OF BOTH
CONSTRUCTIONIST AND MATERIALIST PERSPECTIVES
SHOULD BE USED
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MATERIALISM VS. AGENCY BRIDGING THE GULF
EVERY TECHNOLOGY REFLECTS HUMAN AGENCY IN TWO
WAYS
1.
ALL TECHNOLOGIES REPRESENT A PARTICULAR SET OF
CHOICES
2.
MULTIPLE USE OF TECHNOLOGIES ALLOWS THE SHAPING
OF THEIR IMPLICATIONS INTO EVERYDAY PRACTICE
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MATERIALISM VS. AGENCY BRIDGING THE GULF
TECHNOLOGYS MATERIAL PROPERTIES INFLUENCES
HUMAN AGENCY
CONSTRAINS
AFFORDS
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MATERIALISM VS. AGENCY BRIDGING THE GULF
BRAVERMAN BELIEVED THAT TECHNOLOGIES DESKILL
WORKERS
managers use designs and labor processes that
separate cognition from execution
relegating the latter to workers and the former
to managers and staff
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MATERIALISM VS. AGENCY BRIDGING THE GULF
BUCHANNAN AND BODDY ARGUED THAT WHETHER
TECHNOLOGY DESKILLED WORKERS DEPENDED ON THEIR
ATTITUDES AND BACKGROUNDS
AND ON THE ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC CONTEXT
OF THE ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE AND
TECHNOLOIGICAL APPLICATION
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AN ILLUSTRATION COMPUTER-SUPPORTED COOPERATIVE
WORK (CSCW)
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CSCW
CSCW EMERGED OUT OF HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION
RESEARCH IN THE MID-1980S
GENERAL PHILOSOPHY DESIGNERS COULD MORE
ADEQUALTLY FORMULATE SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS IF THEY
MAKE USE OF DESCRIPTIONS OF WORK PRACTICES MADE
BY SOCIAL SCIENTISTS
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CSCW
STUDIES OF SITUATED COORDINATION
EXAMINES HOW WORKERS ORIENT TO EACH OTHER AND TO
THEIR TASKS USING EMERGING INFORMATION AND
TECHNOLOGIES AT HAND
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WHAT IT RESEARCH CAN LEARN FROM ORGANIZATIONAL
STUDIES
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GENRES OF IT RESEARCH
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GENRES OF IT RESEARCH
STUDIES OF THE IMPACT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
THESE TEND TO EXAMINE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC
CONSEQUENCES
SIMILAR TO STUDIES OF ORGANIZATION
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GENRES OF IT RESEARCH
RESEARCH ON DEVELOPMENT DEPLOYMENT AND THE USE OF
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES
IT INVOLVES
HOW TO DESIGN BETTER TECHNOLOGICAL SYSTEMS
MORE EFFECTIVE ADOPTION OF TECHNOLOGY BY USERS
STRONGLY INFLUENCED BY ORGANIZATIONAL STUDIES
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GENRES OF IT RESEARCH

• Organizing and Managing IT Services
• It researchers have found the work of
  organizational theorists useful in examining a
  variety of questions
• How should IT departments relate to other
  organizational functions?
• How should firms recruit and retain IT
  Professionals
• What are the best ways to develop and manage IT
  
• infrastructure

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THE INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXT OF TECHNOLOGY
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THE INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXT
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN ORGANIZATIONAL STUDIES
INSTITUTIONALIZATION
GLOBALIZATION
ENTERPRENEURSHIP
POST-MODERNITY
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THE INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXT
INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS
EXAMINES HOW BROAD SOCIAL AND HISTORICAL FORCES
LAWS, CULTURE AFFECT, AND ARE AFFECTED BY, THE
ACTIONS OF ORGANIZATIONS
organizations, and the individuals who populate
them, are suspended in a web of values, norms,
rules, beliefs, and taken-for-granted
assumptions, that are at least partially of
their own making -Barely and Tolbert
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THE INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXT
INSTITUTIONAL INFLUENCES
ENABLE
ENABLE
AND CONSTRAIN
AND CONSTRAIN
ACTIONS
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THE INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXT
INSTITUTIONAL PERSPECTIVES AND IT RESEARCH
An institutional perspective would offer IT
researchers a vantage point for conceptualizing
the digital economy that is shaped as much by
culture and structural forces as by technical
and economic ones.
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TOWARD A MORE TECHNOLOGICAL AND INSTITUTIONAL
VIEW OF TELECOMMUTING
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TELECOMMUTING
DEFINING TELECOMMUTING
refers to using telecommunications lines,
computers, and other office technologies (such as
pagers, telephones, and faxes) to work from a
site other than ones assigned office.
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TELECOMMUTING
STUDIES OF TELECOMMUTING
COMPARE TELECOMMUTERS TO TRADITIONAL OFFICE
WORKERS
WITH RESPECT TO
JOB SATISFACTION
PRODUCTIVITY
SOCIAL ISOLATION
STRESS
ABILITY TO MANAGE WORK AND FAMILY ISSUES
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TELECOMMUTING
ISSUES CONCERNING TELECOMMUTING
TELECOMMUTING VIOLATES THE SEPERATION OF WORK AND
HOME
MANAGERS RESIST TELECOMMUTING WORKERS WILL
EXERT LESS EFFORT WHEN THEY ARE NO LONGER VISIBLE
TO THEIR SUPERVISORS
WORKERS FEAR TELECOMMUTING IT WILL UNDEERMINE
OUR CAREERS BY MAKING US LESS VISBLE FOR
PROMOTION
iRoNiCaLLy IrOnIcAllY iRoNiCaLLy IrOnIcAllY
iRoNiCaLLy IrOnIcAllY iRoNiCaLLy IrOnIcAllY
iRoNiCaLLy IrOnIcAllY iRoNiCaLLy
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TELECOMMUTING

• The practical Literature on Telecommuting
  revolves around 4 scenes

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TELECOMMUTING
WITH REGARD TO THE STUDIES MADE
Both IT and OS Research Using Different Time Spans
TELECOMMUTING REMAINS WRONGLY DEFINED AS A
SUBSTITUE FOR OFFICE
NEITHER IT LITERATURE Nor OS LITERATURE ON
TELECOMMUTING ENVISION REALITY
INSTEAD, EACH DISCUSSES A SPECIFIC SITUATIONAL
FEATURE WITHOUT DEVELOPING AN INTEGRATED
UNDERSTANDING
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CONCLUSION
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CONCLUSION
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATIONAL
STUDIES ARE TWO DISTINCT DISCIPLINES THAT CAN
LEARN SUBSTANTIALLY FROM EACH OTHER
UNDERSTANDING TECHNO-SOCIAL DEVELOPMENTS
REQUIRES KNOWLEDGE OF TECHOLOGICAL SYSTEMS,
SOCIAL PROCESS AND ORGANIZATIONAL ACTIVITIES
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CONCLUSION
The Article is far from promoting complete fusion
of the two fields. However, it merely claims
that greater Integration will be needed as we
move into a post-industrial era that requires a
fast and dynamic Organizational structure
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THANKS, YALL