Tissues Chapter 4

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TissuesChapter 4

• Anatomy and Physiology
• Miss Plumley

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What is human tissue?

• Tissue
• Cells organized into groups and layers
• Each type of tissue is composed of similar cells
  specialized to carry on a particular function

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Four Major Types of Tissue

• Epithelial
• Protective coverings, also used for absorption
  and secretion
• Connective
• Support soft body parts and bind structures
  together
• Muscle
• Produces body movements
• Nervous
• Conducts impulses that help control and
  coordinate body activities
• Extracellular matrix Nonliving portion of
  tissue

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Epithelial Tissues

• -Found through out the body
• -cover organs, forms inner lining of body
  cavities, lines hollow organs
• -always exposed to the outside or open internal
  space
• Basement Membrane
• Nonliving layer that is found between the
  underside of epithelial tissue and connective
  tissue (basement membrane is part of the
  extracellular matrix)

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Epithelial Tissue

• -Tightly Packed
• -Readily Divide
• Injuries can heal quickly and new cells replace
  lost or damaged ones
• -Lack Red Blood Vessels
• Receive nutrients from underlying connective
  tissue
• Classified according to shape and number of cell
  layers
• 1. Squamous Thin, flat cells
• 2. Cuboidal Cubed-shaped cells
• 3. Columnar Elongated Cells
• 4. Simple single layer
• 5. Stratified two or more layers

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Epithelial Tissue

• There are 9 Types of Epithelial Tissue
• 1. Simple Squamous
• Single layer, thin, flattened cells
• site where diffusion and filtration take place
• Example
• They line the air sacs of the lungs where oxygen
  and carbon dioxide are exchanged.
• Forms the walls of capillaries
• Lines the inside of blood and lymph vessels
• Covers membranes that line body cavities
• Tissue is easily damaged because it is so thin

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Epithelial Tissue

• 2. Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
• Single layer of cube-shaped cells
• Central located spherical nuclei
• Covers ovaries
• Lines ducts of certain glands
• Salivary glands, thyroid gland
• Secretes glandular products
• Lines most of kidney tubules
• -Example Functions in secretion and absorption

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Epithelial Tissue

• 3. Simple Columnar Epithelium
• Elongated cells
• Single layer where nuclei is found near basement
  membrane
• Nonciliated Cells
• Lines uterus
• Lines most organs of the digestive tract,
  including the stomach and small intestine
• Example Secretes digestive fluids and absorbs
  nutrients from digested food
• Ciliated Cells
• Help moving egg cells to uterus in the
  reproductive tubes of females

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Epithelial Tissue

• 4. Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
• Stratified or layered cells
• Lines passage of respiratory system
• Ciliated
• Mucus covered
• Trap dust and move it out of the airways

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Epithelial Tissue

• 5. Stratified Squamous Epithelium
• Thick tissue
• Lines oral cavity, esophagus, vagina and anal
  canal
• Example A protein called KERATIN is not formed
  keeping these areas soft and moist
• Forms outer layer of skin (epidermis)
• Example As skin cells age they accumulate
  KERATIN and then harden and die producing dry,
  tough skin

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Epithelial Tissue

• 6. Stratified Cuboidal Epithelial
• Two or more layers of cubed-shaped cells
• Linings of salivary gland and mammary gland ducts

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Epithelial Tissue

• 7. Stratified Columnar Epithelium
• Several cell layers
• Protection and Secretion
• Example
• Part of male urethra, Vas deferens and part of
  the pharynx

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Epithelial Tissue

• 8. Transitional Epithelium
• Prevent contents of the urinary tract from
  diffusing back into the internal enviornment
• Change response to increase tension
• Expandable lining

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Epithelial Tissue

• 9. Glandular Epithelium
• Secrete substances into ducts or into body fluids
• Example
• Salivary glands, sweat glands and endocrine glands

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Epithelial Tissue

• Epithelial Tissue Assignment
• Create a Foldable
• Include all 9 types of Epithelial Tissue
• Description and picture is required for each type
  of Epithelial Tissue
• Explain where each type of tissue can be found in
  the human body
• Include the function of each tissue
• Pictures can be drawn or printed from the
  internet
• Complete work cited on the back of your foldable
  if necessary