TEST REVIEW STUDY SHEET

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• TEST REVIEW STUDY SHEET
• CHAPTER 2
• SS8 U.S. History
• Ms. Radebaugh

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• Leif Erickson Viking explorer / First European
  to arrive in North America
• Amerigo Vespucci Proved that North South
  America were not part of Asia
• Magellan First to circumnavigate the Earth

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• Pizzaro Conquered the Incas / Captured
  Atahualpa
• DeSoto Explored the Mississippi for Spain
• Coronado Explored the Southwest U.S. looking
  for cities of gold

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• Christopher Columbus Thought he was India
• Balboa Crossed the isthmus of Panama claimed
  the Pacific Ocean for Spain
• Cortes Captured the Aztecs / Captured Montezuma

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• Fr. Marquette Joliet Explored the Great
  Lakes, Wisconsin, the upper Mississippi for
  France
• Cabot, Cartier, Hudson Were looking for the
  Northwest Passage
• Samuel de Champlain Founded New France

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• New Netherlands Located on the Hudson River
• Aztecs Lived in Central Mexico / Tenochtitlan
  was the center of their empire
• Creole Spanish born in America

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• Spanish Armada Defeated by the English
• Incas Atahualpa was their emperor / Lived in
  the Andes Mountains
• New France French fur traders / Quebec

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• Peninsular Born in Spain / Highest Spanish
  social class, ruling class
• Mestizo Half Indian half Spanish
• Coureurs de bois Runners of the woods

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MERCANTILISM
European economic theory where it was believed
the purpose of colonies was to benefit the home
country. Colonies supplied raw materials a
market for finished products.
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Columbian Exchange

• A transfer of people, products ideas between
  hemispheres as a result of exploration.

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• How the Reformation the defeat of the Spanish
  Armada contributed to increased exploration
• King Henry VIII of England broke away from the
  Catholic Church started the Church of England.
• Protestants throughout Europe were looking for
  places to worship freely.
• European nations were untrustworthy of each other
  and became involved in alliances wars.
• The English fleet defeating the Spanish Armada
  meant that Spain lost control of the oceans.
  This changed the balance of power in Europe
  opened the seas far-away lands to other
  countries for colonization

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• How the Spanish so easily defeated the Indians
• The Spanish had cannons, guns, armor, horses
• Many Natives thought they might be Gods
• Many of the Natives were dying with Smallpox

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• Motives of the Spanish as they explored
  conquered the lands of this hemisphere
• They were out for riches, glory, and to bring God
  (Christianity) to the Natives.

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• The impact the Dutch French had on the Native
  Americans they had contact with
• They made trading alliances with the Natives
  Dutch w/ Iroquois French w/ Huron
• Disease caused by contact with the Europeans
  killed many Native Americans
• The over-trapping of animals weakened the food
  chain on which the Natives depended
• As the fur-bearing animals disappeared, the
  Natives were no longer of value for trading.
  Instead, their lands became more valuable to the
  colonists.