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Chapter 27 Section 4

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Chapter 27 Section 4 The Terms of Peace – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Chapter 27 Section 4


1
Chapter 27 Section 4
  • The Terms of Peace

2
The Fourteen Points
  • President Wilsons idea that by joining the war
    America was helping to safeguard democracy
  • When Russia signed a treaty with Germany it was
    a huge blow to the allied forces
  • The war on the Western front had grown into a
    stalemate and the people feared that the war
    would last for many more years
  • In January Wilson outlined the Fourteen Points
  • Six of the fourteen points dealt with were plans
    of a general nature
  • The eight remaining dealt with specific regions

3
Force feeding the peace terms
4
Fourteen points continued
  • The Six general points were
  • 1. no secret treaties (remember WWI started due
    to entailing alliances)
  • 2. removal of economic barriers like tariffs
  • 3. Freedom of the seas for all nations
  • 4. Reduction of national armaments
  • 5. adjustment of colonial claims so they are fair
    to the imperialist powers and the colonial
    peoples
  • 6. The establishment of a general association of
    nations to guarantee political independence and
    to protect small and large stated alike

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6
The Defeat of the Central Powers
  • At the end of May the Germans reached the Marne
    River just 37 miles from Paris
  • At the same time there were thousands of American
    troops landing in France every day
  • The Germans were stopped short and the allies
    began to counter attack
  • Allied forces were pushing the Germans back and
    in September Bulgaria surrendered
  • They were quickly followed by the Turks
  • By October the Austria-Hungary Empire had stopped
    fighting broken up and formed separate
    governments

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Continued
  • Wilson told German leaders that he would only
    deal with leaders that represented the German
    people
  • The Kaiser gave up the throne in November and a
    German republic was announced
  • In 1918 the German Republic signed an armistice
    that on the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th
    month 1918 all fighting would stop
  • Germany had to turn over all of their munitions,
    submarines and war prisoners
  • And the allies would occupy the territory west of
    the Rhine

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10
The Costs of World War I
  • The costs of WW I were very high
  • It left an estimated 8.5-10 million soldiers
    dead and another 21million wounded
  • Germany suffered the most casualties with 1.8
    million dead or wounded with Russia close behind
  • France lost over 1.4 million soldiers
  • Civilian casualties were also very high due to
    things like Naval blockades, Military encounters,
    famine and disease had all taken their toll
  • The Financial loss has been estimated at more
    than 300 billion dollars

11
The Paris Peace Conference
  • In January of 1919 the allied leaders met at
    Versailles outside of Paris in what became known
    as the Paris Peace Conference
  • The meeting was dominated by the four major
    allied powers
  • Woodrow Wilson (U.S.), David Lloyd George (U.K.)
    Georges Clemenceau (France) and Vittrio Orlando
    (Italy)
  • They came to be known as the Big Four

12
Problems Facing the Peacemakers
  • Problems began immediately when some of the
    countries were not included in the peace process
  • Wilson spoke out about a treaty that was fair to
    all but the European powers were not forgiving of
    those who started the war
  • Russia who was involved in a civil war was not
    even invited to take part in the peace talks
  • The US and Europe argued about defeated Central
    powers not being allowed almost a role in writing
    the peace terms
  • This was one of the main causes of WW II

13
Hitler in WW I under the X
14
Continued
  • The victorious nations had many conflicting
    territorial demands
  • France wanted their border to extend eastward to
    the Rhine river gaining back the Alsace-Lorraine
    region
  • Belgium wanted German territories along their
    border
  • Great Britain wanted Germanys African colonies
    and the complete destruction of the German Navy
  • Lastly Japan wanted German territories in the
    Pacific

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16
Reparations and Peacekeeping
  • The Destruction caused by the war brought about
    questions about reparations or payment for war
    damages
  • The allied leaders wanted Germany to bear the
    cost of the war
  • And finally the conference considered Wilsons
    proposal of the League on Nations a world
    organization to maintain peace
  • It had widespread appeal but many people wondered
    how practical it would be

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18
What Kind of Peace?
  • Their were two differing viewpoints that emerged
    in the Paris peace conference
  • Wilson thought the peace settlement should be
    fair not harsh as the others wanted
  • The others felt Germany started the war and
    should have to pay for it
  • They did not officially object to Wilsons
    fourteen points but they did not give up the aims
    of their secret treaties to divide the
    territories of the central powers amongst
    themselves
  • Long term peace they felt would only be achieved
    if they kept Germany from being powerful again

19
Peace Continued
  • France particularly wanted to make sure that
    Germany wouldnt be able to threaten their
    security
  • Clemenceau admired Wilsons Ideals but thought
    they were being Naïve trusting Germany
  • He argued the only way for France to be secure in
    the future was to break Germany up and have the
    allied forces occupy the various regions
  • The future of Germany was resting on the
    decisions at the Paris peace conference

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Review Questions
  • When Russia signed a treaty with Germany it was a
    huge blow to who?
  • Six of the fourteen points dealt with what kind
    of plans?
  • At the end of May the Germans reached what river
    near Paris?
  • In 1918 the German Republic signed an armistice
    for what day what month and what hour?
  • What was the only way some felt long term peace
    would be achieved?

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