Biology%20Chapter%203%20Classification

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BiologyChapter 3Classification

• 3.1 Why Things are Grouped

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Why Things are Grouped

• Classify group things together based on
  similarities

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Classifying in Everyday Life

• What things do we classify?

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How Grouping Helps Us

• Easier to find
• Share traits (feature that a thing has)
• Faster

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BiologyChapter 3Classification

• 3.2 Methods of Classification

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Early Classification

• Aristotle (Greek, lived about 2000 years ago)
• First to classify living things
• All living thing into two groups

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Plants

• herbs- small, soft stems
• shrubs- medium size, many trunks
• trees- tall, one trunk

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Animals

• live in water
• live on land
• live in air

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Problems with this plan

• some living things fit into more than one group
• some living things change groups as they grow and
  develop
• Used until 1700s

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The Beginnings of Modern Classification

• Carolus Linnaeus (Swedish, 1735)
• Classified plants and animals into more groups
• Based system on specific traits
• Gave name to organisms that described their
  trait- 2 part name

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Seven Classification Groups

• kingdom- king
• phylum- Phillip
• class- came
• order- over
• family- from
• genus- Germany
• species- swimming

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Two word names are genus and species

• People are
• Homo sapiens

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BiologyChapter 3Classification

• 3.3 How Scientists Classify Things

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Classify Based on How Organisms Are Related

• The more closely related organisms are the more
  groups they share
• Compare cat, lion, deer, and octopus Tables 3-2
  through 3-5 p. 56-57

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Classification Chart

• House Cat Dog
• Kingdom Animalia Animalia
• Phylum Chordata Chordata
• Class Mammalia Mammalia
• Order Carnivora Carnivora
• Family Felidae Canidae
• Genus Felis Canis
• Species Felis catus Canis familiaris

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Other Evidence Used in Classifying

• Evolutionary history
• The ancestors that organisms share
• Similar body structures

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Other Evidence Used in Classifying

• Body Chemistry
• How similar are proteins (blood)
• How similar is DNA (DNA fingerprinting)

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Scientific Names Came From Classification

• Scientific names- Genus species
• Designed by Linnaeus
• Genus- always capitalized
• species- always lower case
• In Latin so italics or underline

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Scientific Names Came From Classification

• Sometimes scientific names sound like common
  names
• Gorilla gorilla
• Giraffa camelopadalis

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Why Scientific Names Are Used

• No mistakes
• Common names occur for more than one type of
  organism, hawks Fig. 3-9 p. 60
• Scientific names seldom change
• Scientific names are written in the same language
  (Latin)

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Classification of Kingdoms

• Two kingdoms- Aristotle and Linnaeus had plants
  and animals
• Then 3 kingdoms- plants, animals, and protists
• Then 5 kingdoms, plants, animals, protists,
  fungi, and monerans (bacteria)
• Now 6 kingdoms (started in 2000, not in your
  textbook)

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Archaebacteria (formerly Moneran)

• Live in extreme environments- hot, salt
• No nucleus or other cell parts
• One celled
• Unique cell wall and membrane
• Unique cell processes

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Eubacteria (formerly Moneran)

• No nucleus or other cell parts
• One celled
• More common bacteria
• Live in many places

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Protists

• Mostly one celled, some are many celled
• Nucleus and other cell parts
• Some like plants (algae producers)
• Some like animals (protozoans consumers)
• Some like fungi (decomposers)

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Fungi

• Have nucleus and other cell parts
• Multicellular except yeast
• Have cell walls
• Decomposers (absorb food)

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Plants

• Nucleus and other cell parts
• Multicellular
• Have chlorophyll for photosynthesis
• Have cell wall (dont move)

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Animals

• Nucleus and other cell parts
• Multicellular
• Eat- consumers
• Move from place to place

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Classification Changes

• Classification changes as we learn more about
  organisms and their relationship to each other.