Bellringer 10/15

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Bellringer 10/15

• Reminders HW 6 on Fri and Lab Fee NOW!

4 Minutes
1 Minute
Times Up!
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3 Minutes
30 Seconds
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Cells
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What are cells?

• Smallest unit that performs life functions.

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Discovery of Cells

• 1665- English Scientist, Robert Hooke, discovered
  cells while looking at a thin slice of cork (bark
  of tree)

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The invention of the microscope
1673- Anton von Leuwenhoek, invented the
microscope and observed pond scum and discovered
single celled organisms
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Where do cells come from?

• 1858- Rudolf Virchow, concluded that cells must
  come from preexisting cells.

Biogenesis Life can only be formed from
existing life.
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The Compound Light Microscope

• Lenses
• Light
• Up to x1500
• bigger

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Our Microscope
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The Cell Theory

• 1. All organisms are composed of 1 or more cells.
• 2. Cell is the smallest working unit of living
  things.
• 3. All cells come from pre-existing cells through
  cell division.

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Basic Parts of a Cell

• 1. Nucleus- contains DNA
• 2. Cytoplasm like the egg white of an egg
• 3. Plasma membrane like the shell of egg
• 4. Organelles- small structures in the cytoplasm

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Examples of Cells
Amoeba
Plants
Bacteria
Red Blood Cell
Nerve Cell
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Two Types of Cells

• A. Prokaryotic

B. Eukaryotic
REMEMBER US
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A. Prokaryotic Cells

• Do not have a membrane-bound nucleus or
  organelles
• Few organelles
• Usually one-celled -bacterias

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B. Eukaryotic Cells

• They do contain a membrane-bound nucleus and
  organelles and are more complex.
• May be unicellular or multicellular

2. Animal
1. Plant
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Typical Animal Cell
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Typical Plant Cell
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BELLRINGER 10/22
Match! Answers only! 5 Minutes! USE YOUR
NOTES/BOOK!
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Cell Membrane (Animal and Plant)

• Outer membrane boundary of cell that controls
  movement in and out of the cell
• Double layer with pores (holes)

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Cell Wall (Plant)

• Most commonly found in plant cells bacteria
• Supports protects cells
• Rigid (tough), outside the cell membrane
• Contains cellulose

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Nucleus (Plant and Animal)

• Directs cell activities- the brain of the cell
• Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane
  (envelope)
• Contains chromatin (DNA)

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Endoplasmic Reticulum (Animal and Plant)

• Highly folded membrane that produces, transports
  proteins
• Smooth type lacks ribosomes
• Rough type ribosomes embedded in surface

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Ribosomes (Plant and Animal)

• Each cell contains thousands
• Make proteins
• Found on ribosomes, nuclear envelope floating
  throughout the cell

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Mitochondria (Plant and Animal)

• Produces energy (ATP) through chemical reactions
• Highly folded membranes
• Has its own DNA

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Golgi Apparatus (Plant and Animal)

• Protein 'packaging plant'
• Move materials within the cell
• Move materials out of the cell
• Flat tube system

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Lysosomes (Animal)

• Digestive factory and breaks down waste
  (proteins, fats, and carbohydrates) with enzymes
• Transports undigested material to cell membrane
  for removal
• Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes

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Vacuoles (Plant and Animal)

• Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and
  waste removal
• Contains water
• Help plants maintain shape
• Many small in animal, 1 big one in plant cells

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Chloroplast (Plant)

• Found in plant cells
• Contains chlorophyll (gives color green to
  plants)
• Where photosynthesis takes place (plants make own
  food from light energy)

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Centrioles (Animal)

• Only in animal cells
• Play role in cell division (mitosis)
• Organize microtubules in bundles
• Make up the centrosome (near the nucleus)

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Cillia and Flagella (Animal and Prokaryotes)

• Mostly in unicellular organisms (animal only) and
  bacteria
• For movement and fluid transport
• Cilia many little hairs on the cell body
• Flagella few/one tail(s)

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Cytoskeleton (Plant and Animal)

• Network of rods (microtubule) and filaments
  (microfilaments)
• Gives cell support, structure and shape
• Involved in cell division (mitosis) and transport

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