CH. 5 EUROPE

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CH. 5EUROPES LATEMIDDLE AGES
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KNIGHTHOOD AND CHIVALRY

• Chivalry - knights code of honor
• Not all knights were chivalrous
• Practiced by hunting and jousting
• The better the knight, the better his social
  status.
• The long bow made the knight obsolete.
• Pledge of allegiance
• God/Lord/Master
• EDUCATION
• Page gt Squire gt Knight
• Dubbing

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DEFENCE / PROTECTION
CASTLES
FROM WOOD TO STONE
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COAT OF ARMS

• Heraldry
• Teams / uniforms
• Family lineage

FEUDALISM - a system in which a free man binds
himself personally to a lord, offering him
loyalty and military service In return for
protection and the use of property.
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HUNDRED YEARS WAR1338-1453

• France vs. England
• Who should be King of France?
• England invaded France.
• English King Edward
• Nephew of French ruler.
• LONG WAR - Long truces,
• winter, harvests.
• ARCHERS gave England the advantage.

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BATTLE OF AGINCOURT1415 - French vs.
EnglishLast important English victory

• French
• Four times the size
• Rested and fed
• Battled for best ransom position
• Disorganized

English - Use of archers - Use of stakes -
Organized and defeated a much
larger army
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JOAN OF ARC17 YR. OLD PEASANT GIRL

• Led by angelic voices.
• Led France to several victories.
• Helped to crown Charles VII the King of France.
• Captured and burned at the stake.
• Heresy and witchcraft.
• Charles refused to pay ransom.
• MARTYR - Became more powerful dead than alive.
• United the French people together as a nation
  rather than fiefdoms.

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TRADE AND TOWN

• During the Crusades many new trade items were
  discovered.
• Silk, spices, tapestries, sugar, etc.
• Ships and traders brought goods back for profit.
• allowed commoners an escape from serfdom.
• Started as trade fairs gt later evolved into
  towns.
• Towns helped overcome winters and outlaws.

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THE CRAFT GUILDS

• People became specialized
• (i.e.. Bakers, tailors, blacksmiths, tanners,
  tavern keepers, etc.)
• Guilds were formed to
• Set standards.
• Control prices.
• Eliminate competition.
• Look after members
• Illness, trade.
• Apprentice gt Journeyman gt Master

Carpenter
Blacksmith
Shoe maker
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MEDIEVAL TOWNS
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MEDIEVAL TOWNS

• Became the center for farmers.
• London - Today gt8 million -Then 50 000.
• Castle walls for protection.
• Unplanned, crowded no plumbing, garbage, and
  sewage dumped.
• Attractions - pageants, plays, bear baiting, and
  other blood sports.

Bear Baiting
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SOCIAL CHANGES

• Money became as important as land.
• The rise of the Middle Class would end feudalism.

NEW FREEDOMS - do as they wish - marry who they
please - serfs freedom if live in city for
1 yr. plus a day. - Charters - allowed
towns to govern themselves - usually run
by the wealthy.
NEW POWERS - the merchant guild became the
most powerful. ( from ships
trade) - Hanseatic League - protected trade
routes and pressured leaders.
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MEDIEVAL WOMEN

• Lower status than men.
• Even the church approved of this.
• Had many children, worked fields, household
  chores, and died young.
• Town women better off as earned money.
• Wealthy women still inferior but with education
  and money their status would eventually increase
  slowly.

14
THE CHURCH IN THE LATE MIDDLE AGESStill had
great influence on the people.

• RUMBLINGS IN THE FLOC
• JOHN WYCLIFFE
• Questioned the church.
• Had no right to tell people what to believe
• Translated the Bible
• Criticized the Churchs wealth.
• John Hus also criticized was burned at the
  stake
• CHURCH ARCHITECTURE

Flying Buttress
RomanArch
Gothic Arch
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THE BLACK DEATH(BUBONIC PLAGUE)

• 1/3 of Europe would die
• from the disease.
• Thousands of ghost towns.
• Many felt a punishment by God.
• Left a shortage of workers.
• Spread from victim to victim
• through fleas on rats.
• Symptoms.
• Swollen lymph glands.
• Dark blotches on skin.
• High fever
• Vomiting blood.
• Hallucinations.
• Die within one to three days.
• Brought out the best worst in people.

Rats crew on ships spread disease.
Protection ??
Medieval towns were decimated.