Ch 4 - 3

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Italy's Artists
Wealthy families and the church wanted beautiful
buildings and works of Art.
The Pope funded artwork for the Vatican
Builders and artists studied ancient Greek and
Roman Art, Science and Math.
2
What Styles did Artists Develop
Renaissance artists wanted to show how people
looked
Giotto began this style in the 1300s.
Artists brought life, color, action and
Perspective to art.
Chiaroscuro painting technique to show drama,
emotion.
Fresco Water colors on plaster.
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Leading Artists
Golden age of painting- da Vinci, Michaelangelo,
Raphael
Da Vinci- Florence. Mona Lisa and Last Supper.
Michelangelo Florence. Pope Julius II hired him
to work On the Vatican. Sistine Chapel.
Raphael painted frescos for the Pope in the
Vatican.
Artemisia Gentileschi- most celebrated female
artist.
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Northern Renaissance
Late 1400s Renaissance spread to N. Europe.
War, trade, travel and the printing press spread
Humanist ideas.
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Northern European Painters
Northern painters began using oil based
paints. Rich colors painted on canvas.
Jan van Eyck Used oils. The Arnolfini.
Albrecht Durer Known for perspective, detail
and engravings.
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England's Theaters
1580- The first theaters were built for Englands
plays.
Outdoor stages, the wealthy sat under a roof. 1
to 2 cents. Even the poor attended.
William Shakespeare wrote Tragedies, Comedies and
Histories.
Hamlet, Macbeth, Romeo Juliet. Most Famous.
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Ch 11

• The Reformation Begins

14
Early Calls for Reform
Europeans began to criticize the wealth and
power of the Catholic Church.
1517 Monk Martin Luther questioned its authority.
Luther called for the Cathoic Church to reform.
Produced The Protestant churches.
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John Wycliffe Speaks Out
Church officials grew wealthy collecting taxes,
some built palaces.
The church began selling indulgences. This was a
Certificate to pardon a persons sins.
English Priest John Wycliffe told Christians to
recognize Jesus, not the Pope as head of the
church.
Wycliffe told followers to read the Bible for
Truth.
16
Who was Erasmus?
Christian Humanism. Catholics that wanted to
restore faith in the Church.
Desiderius Erasmus people should use reason to
become better Christians. Be good.
1509 Erasmus wrote Praise of Folly. Used humor
to criticize the Church and the Pope.
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Luther's Reformation
1500s Luther calls for Church reform.
Luthers teachings led to a religious revolution.
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Who was Martin Luther?
Luther visited Rome and was shocked by the
actions of Priests ignoring Catholic rituals.
In Germany he began to question Church policy.
1517 became angry when Pope Leo X began
selling indulgences.
Posted 95 arguments against indulgences.
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A new Church
Luther began to attack the Church, Bible was the
only truth.
1521 Pope Leo X excommunicated Luther.
Luthers ideas led to the creation of the
Protestant Church
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Revolts in Germany
Lutheranism gave peasants hope. Peasants
suffered From poor crops and high taxes.
Peasants revolted against the nobles.
Luther supported the peasants, but feared
violence. Told Peasants to follow the government.
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Rulers and Lutheranism
Some European rulers supported the Protestants.
They hoped to increase their power against the
Church.
1519 Charles V Holy Roman Emperor. Many
German Rulers became Lutheran to oppose him.
Charles went to war with the Lutherans. Could not
defeat Them. Peace of Augsburg allowed a
Protestant North.
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Who was John Calvin?
John Calvin 1509. He studied law, humanism and
religion in Paris.
Calvin became convinced Martin Luther was right.
He fled Paris to move to Geneva. Supported
Protestantism.
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What is Calvinism?
Calvin believed that Faith brought salvation.
Predestination God has already decided who will
go to Heaven.
Calvinism encouraged people to work hard and
behave.
Calvin felt church members should choose clergy.
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Reformation in England
In England religious change came as a result of a
political disagreement between the Pope and the
King.
Religious beliefs will change later.