Ch15: Age of Jackson (1820-1840)

1
Ch15 Age of Jackson (1820-1840)

• 15-1 A New Kind of Politics

2
I CAN

• 1.) Define Missouri Compromise
• 2.) Describe how the Missouri Compromise led to
  the addition of new states.
• 3.) Analyze how the Missouri Compromise impacted
  the balance of power in Congress.

3
The Missouri Compromise
Divisions began in the US that reflected the very
different economies of the country Sectionalism,
began to replace nationalism!

• Sectionalism stood out when Missouri applied for
  statehood
• People in the state wanted slavery.
• At this time, US had 11 free and 11 slave states,
  and a new slave state would tilt the balance of
  power in Congress (pg.380).

4

• Also, Maine applies for statehood
• Henry Clay suggests that Maine enter as a free
  state and Missouri enter as a slave state to keep
  the balance!
• Also, slavery would be banned in the Louisiana
  Territory north of the 36th parallel.

Congress accepts this plan Missouri Compromise
of 1820
5
Andrew Jackson as President

• Won election of 1828 (1829-1837)
• Jacksonian Democracy Everyday people began
  gaining more political power.
• (read aloud page 383 New Political Era today?)

6
Ch15 Age of Jackson (1820-1840)

• 15-2 Jacksons
• Harsh Indian Policy

7
INDIAN REMOVAL ACT
1830 Jacksons Indian Removal Act Indians must
move to public lands west of the Miss. River to
reservations. (today OK state)

• Since the War of 1812 the US govt pushed Indians
  west of the Mississippi River.
• No matter how the Indians behaved whites wanted
  their land.
• (Cherokee attempts pg. 384)

8
INDIAN RESISTANCE

• 2 violent examples
• 1832 Black Hawk War Indians try to return to
  homeland from Iowa reservation stopped by
  Illinois militia!
• 1835 Seminole Wars Indians fought for 7 years to
  stay in Florida homeland most died, others fled.

• 1 peaceful example
• 1832 Cherokee appealed to Supreme Court Justice
  John Marshall who ruled in favor of the Cherokee
  that GA had no right to overrule a federal govt
  treaty with the Indians that protected their land.

9
TRAIL OF TEARS

• 1838 Jackson sent troops to physically move
  15,000 Cherokee to reservations.

The Trail of Tears Cherokees refused to obey the
Indian Removal Act, the US govt sent 7,000
troops, who forced them out of their homes. The
Cherokees didn't even get a chance to gather
their belongings, which were soon looted by the
white settlers that came to claim their land.
This started the Trail of Tears, called such
because over 4,000 Cherokee died from the cold
and harsh conditions of the trail. Hunger and
disease also claimed quite a few before they had
reached their allotted western lands.
10
(No Transcript)
11
Section 3 Sectional and Financial Controversies

• I CAN
• 1.) Define states rights
• 2.) Explain how states rights continued to
  divide the country
• 3.) Explain the purpose and effects of tariffs
  enacted before the Civil War

12
The Doctrine of Nullification

• VP John Calhoun proposed the doctrine of
  nullification
• Congress had no authority to pass laws that
  favored one section of the nation over the others
• When it did, a state had the right to declare
  that law null and void w/in the state
• Another version of states rights

13
The Hayne-Webster Debates

• Haynes views
• 1.) Rights of the states came before the unity of
  the nation
• 2.) State could nullify any federal law it judged
  to be unfair
• Websters views
• 1.) Laws made by Congress were not subject to the
  approval of each state
• 2.) Laws represented the will of the people as a
  whole
• Southern states lost the backing of the western
  states and looked to Pres. Jackson for help
• Did not get it

14
South Carolinas Threat

• Jackson asked Congress to lower the tariff and
  they did
• SC still thought it was too high and voted to
  nullify it
• SC said they would secede from the Union if
  Congress tried to enforce it
• Jackson mad but VP Calhoun said each state chose
  to join and they could choose to leave
• Jackson announces that he will enforce tariffs
  and send troops to SC if needed
• Clay steps in w/ a compromise to gradually lower
  tariffs over next 10 yrs
• Jackson signs it into law and SC stays in Union

15
Ch15 Age of Jackson 1829-1837

• 15-4 PROSPERITY PANIC

16
POLITICAL PARTIES

• Dem.Rep. for Jackson a.k.a. DEMOCRATS (Jackson is
  considered the father)
• Low tariffs
• States rights
• South/Western support

• Dem.Rep. who opposed Jackson a.k.a. National
  REPUBLICANS or WHIGS
• High tariffs
• Strong natl govt
• Northeast

17
Panic of 1837 next Presidents

• Jackson left office under US prosperity.
• By year end, under Van Buren, economic crisis or
  Panic of 1837
• Paper money value
• Supply of gold and silver
• Factories and Jobs

Dem. Van Buren 1837-1841 Whig W.H.Harrison
1841 Whig Tyler 1841-1845 ?? Dem. Polk
1845-1849 Whig Taylor 1849- interesting, huh!
Effect
18
Chapter 16 Changes in American Life (1820-1860)

• Section 1 The Impact of Immigration

19
(I Believe) I CAN (Fly)

• 1.) Define IMMIGRATION
• 2.) Define NATIVISTS
• 3.) Explain how the diverse peoples of the US
  developed a common natl identify
• 4.) Explain how immigration changed geographic
  patterns in the US

20
Germans in America

• One of the largest immigrant groups
• Did not speak English, but were educated and came
  w/ money and skills
• Settled along Erie Canal and Great Lakes
• Brought a large community of German Jews who
  settled in the West
• Opposed slavery

21
Scandinavian Immigrants

• Moved to the West and the North
• Brought deep religious faith and strong sense of
  community

22
The Irish Experience

• 1845- Irish potato famine caused 1,000s to leave
  the country
• Most stayed in NY, Boston, and Philly
• Took jobs that they could get
• Lived in crowded shacks and tenements
• Banded together and joined Democrat Party
• Became local political leaders
• Heavily involved in Roman Catholic Church

23
The Nativist Reaction

• Some native-born Americans saw the newcomers as a
  threat
• Worried that immigrants would take jobs from
  Americans (sound familiar??)
• Some refused to hire immigrants, some got
  violent, and some formed secret societies
• Supreme Order of the Star-Spangled Banner-gt
  Know-Nothings-gt American Party
• Gained support on East Coast w/ anti-immigration
  platform
• Nativism continues today so does immigration!

24
16-2 SPIRIT OF REFORM 1820-1860

• I Can explain how diverse peoples of the US
  developed a common natl ID.
• I Can describe historical limitations on
  participation of women in US society and their
  efforts to gain equal rights.

25
Second Great Awakening

• A revival of religious faith in the early 1800s
  inspired by worries about the future, Americans
  felt a need to solve new issues/changes and
  religious preachings led to a spirit of reform
  it would help solve societys problems.
• 1740, First Great Awakening
• This movement was led by women within the church.

I Can explain how diverse peoples of the US
developed a common natl ID. I Can describe
historical limitations on participation of women
in US society and their efforts to gain equal
rights.
26
American Reform 1820-1860
I Can explain how diverse peoples of the US
developed a common natl ID. I Can describe
historical limitations on participation of women
in US society and their efforts to gain equal
rights.

• School
• Children- a demand for free and good public
  education for all children.
• Women- at first banned from HS and college, some
  started going to schools for females.
• AA- North elementary schools for blacks, few
  going to college. South illegal to school blacks.

• Work Conditions
• Early labor mvmt got a few health and safety laws
  Pres. Van Buren backed a 10 hour work day.

27
American Reform 1820-1860
                                                
                    A large group of women and
some men gathered outside of Family Groceries in
Waynesville, Ohio during the Women's Temperance
Crusade of 1873-1874. The women were protesting
the sale of alcoholic beverages.
I Can explain how diverse peoples of the US
developed a common natl ID. I Can describe
historical limitations on participation of women
in US society and their efforts to gain equal
rights.

• Rehabilitation
• Prisoners- organize prisons to separate types of
  criminals men, women and children.
• Mentally ill- improve their hospital conditions
  and care to include specialized institutes.

• Temperance giving up alcohol to improve quality
  of life.
• From sermons to pledges to state laws being
  passed and then repealed, this mvmt. had power.

28
Section 3 Call for Equality

• I CAN
• 1.) Define the abolitionist movement
• 2.) Explain how the abolitionist movement
  continued to divide the country
• 3.) Identify Fredrick Douglass and his role in
  the abolitionist movement
• 4.) Identify Elizabeth Cady Stanton and her role
  in the fight for womens rights

29
Expanding Democracy

• At this point, most white men can vote
• Specifically in direct elections for govt
  officials
• Also in natl conventions to choose party
  delegates for Pres. and VP
• This gave ordinary people a stronger voice in the
  party nominations

30
Equality vs. Slavery

• Abolitionists wanted to abolish, or put an end
  to, slavery
• Fredrick Douglass
• Born a slave
• Escaped to Massachusetts
• He spoke about his life and against slavery in
  his newspaper, The North Star
• Sojourner Truth
• Freed slave
• One of the first AA women to speak against
  slavery
• Underground RR
• Informal system moving runaway slaves north with
  help from conductors through hiding places
  called stations
• Harriet Tubman
• Escaped slave
• Most famous conductor who risked over 19 trips to
  the South to help free over 300 slaves

31
Womens Rights

• Elizabeth Cady Stanton and other women attended
  intl conference against slavery yet were
  silenced by men
• Most state laws kept married women as property of
  the husband
• Seneca Falls Convention
• 1848 NY meeting of men and women about womens
  rights
• Stantons speech Declaration of Sentiments
  declared all men and women were created equal
• The Convention called for womens equality at
  work, school, church, plus before the law
• Susan B. Anthony
• Active in Temperance, an Abolitionist, and
  womens rights movement
• Most influential leader for womens suffrage

32
16-4 A New American Culture

• I Can explain how the diverse peoples of the US
  developed a common natl identity!

33
AMERICAN LIT AND ART

• A spirit of democracy and equality swept through
  the country changing attitudes American life.
• By mid 1840s, American writers were taking pride
  in their countrys culture. They were creating a
  unique American philosophy and style. This helped
  create a common national identity a New
  American Culture.

34
AMERICAN LIT AND ART

• Ralph Waldo Emerson lectures and writings based
  on Jacksonian ideals and realities of American
  life.
• Emerson taught it was important for people to
  truly understand themselves to be self-reliant
  and be able to survive.
• His teachings led to a new American philosophy
  known as Transcendentalism
• (a belief or way of life emphasizing human
  thought and spirituality
• over science and material things)
• He urged Americans to develop their own way of
  thinking no longer based on European influence!

35
(No Transcript)
36
AMERICAN LIT AND ART
Henry David Thoreau a student of Emerson, he
believed in simplicity and living in harmony with
nature. He influenced many future world leaders
through a practice of passive resistance in
refusing to obey unfair laws, peacefully.
37
I Can explain how the diverse peoples of the US
developed a common national identity!

• 1800s American Literature and Art
• R.W.Emersons teachings writings
• Transcendentalism
• H.D.Thoreau

                                                
                          Transcendentalism
Slavery (1820-1855)