The Years Between the War

1
The Years Between the War

• 1920 1939
• Chapters 30 31

2
China in Turmoil

• The end of the longest running empire in history

3
Dynasty replaced with Nationalism

• Qing dynasty overthrown in 1911 (in power since
  1644)
• Sun Yixian (leader of the Kuomintang) takes
  control of the Republic of China with 3 goals
• Nationalize remove foreign control
• Democratize give people more rights
• Improve peoples lives through a better economy
• World War I
• Joined the Allies in hope of getting rid of
  German territorial control
• Treaty of Versailles gave lands to Japan
• May Fourth Movement (1919) showed peoples anger
  at foreign influence

4
Communists and Nationalists

• Communist Party
• 1921 Communist party founded in Shanghai
• Mao Zedong
• Wanted a revolution based on the rural peasants
• Lenin supports Zedongs Communists
• Sends military advisors and equipment
• Nationalists
• Jiang Jieshi (Chaing Kai-shek) takes over control
  of the Kuomintang after Sun Yixians death in
  1925
• Double crossed Communists and created the
  Nationalist Republic of China in 1928

5
Chinese Civil War (1928 1949)

• Mao Zedong recruited peasants into a guerilla
  army
• Jiang Jieshi created an army of 700,000 and
  forced Communist army out of their strong land
• The Long March
• Communist forces marched 6,000 miles to get away
  from Jieshis forces (deadly march)
• Japan invades
• 1931 Manchuria
• 1937 full invasion forced a temporary truce
  between Zedong and Jieshi

6
Long March and Mao Zedong
7
Japanese Invasion of China
8
Nationalism in Asia

• India, Turkey, Iran, Saudi Arabia

9
India

• Indian troops fight in WWI to gain
  self-government (failed)
• Amritsar Massacre (1919)
• Mohandas Gandhi leads toward independence
• Civil disobedience, boycotts, strikes, The Salt
  March
• Government of India Act (1935) gave some self-rule

10
Turkey

• Ottoman Empire divided up (except for Turkey)
  after WWI
• Greece invades
• Mustafa Kemal leads nationalists to repell Greece
  and to overthrow the Ottoman sultan
• Created the first republic in southwest Asia
• Separated Islamic and state law, improved the
  economy, gave more rights to women
• Created a sense of national identity

11
Iran

• Persia influenced by Russia and Great Britain
• Revolution against foreign influence in 1921
• Reza Shah Pahlavi becomes complete leader
• Modernized, industrialized, gave more rights to
  women
• Changed name from Persia to Iran

12
Saudi Arabia

• Abd al-Aziz Ibn Saud unites the Arab empires into
  one country
• Modernized but kept strict Islamic laws

13
Societal Changes

• How life become more modern

14
Another Scientific Revolution

• Albert Einstein
• German physicist
• Measured the speed of light
• Theory of Relativity some things are constant,
  other things are not
• Sigmund Freud
• Focused on unconscious mind
• Weakened the idea of reason

15
Literature and the Arts

• Lost Generation
• T. S. Eliot
• William Butler Yeats
• Existentialism
• Friedrich Nietzsche
• reason, democracy, and progress limited
  creativity and actions
• Focused on pride, assertiveness, and strength
• Surrealism
• beyond or above reality
• Jazz
• New music from the U.S.
• Spread throughout Europe

16
Women

• Suffrage
• 1920s in United States, Britain, Germany, Sweden,
  and Austria
• Flappers
• Wear shorter dresses and shorter hair
• Women pushed for new careers
• Margaret Sanger and Emma Goldman began pushing
  for birth control

17
Technology Changes Lives

• Automobile
• First time in history a family could afford a car
• Travel for work and pleasure greatly increases
  around the world
• Airplanes
• Charles Lindbergh flies solo from New York (New
  Jersey) to Paris
• Air travel begins to increase
• Radio and Movies (Mass Culture)
• Guglielmo Marconi
• Hollywood

18
World Wide Depression

• The economic disaster of the 1930s

19
European Economic and Political Problems

• After World War I, the nations of Europe were
  politically divided
• France and Great Britain had coalition
  governments that could only make decisions on
  short-term policies
• Germanys Weimar Republic was very weak
• Economically, countries in Europe struggled in
  the 1920s
• Great Britain and France relied on Germany to pay
  war reparations to help their economies
• Germany was facing very high unemployment and
  inflation (Germany money was worth very little)
• Germany was given loans by the U.S. to help

20
The Great Depression

• 1920s U.S. saw an economic boom, but with
  hidden problems
• Farmers faced falling prices
• Consumers could not buy all the goods factories
  produced
• Stock Market crash of 1929 started depression in
  the U.S.
• U.S. stopped loaning money to Europe
• Tariffs (tax on imported goods) began to rise all
  over the world
• Production and trade decreased and unemployment
  went up around the world

21
How did countries deal with the Great Depression?

• Great Britain govt created policies to improve
  the economy and cut unemployment
• France govt tried to help, but companies
  raised prices and unemployment continued
• Sweden, Norway, Denmark government played a
  bigger role and created jobs
• U.S. Franklin D. Roosevelt creates the New Deal
• Govt spent money to build bridges, dams,
  airports, etc.
• Set-up new rules for the economy
• Germany, Italy, and Japan
• Looked for answers in powerful leaders