LECTURER: DR. Andrea, PEI-SHAN KAO

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Contemporary World International Relations and
Organisations Unit 9 Some Important Social and
Economic Issues in Contemporary World

• LECTURER DR. Andrea, PEI-SHAN KAO

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?????? (Terrorism) ???????? (Transnational
Criminal Violence Organisations) ????????
(International Aid Organisations) ????????
(Human Trafficking)
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• Terrorism (????)
• Definition Violence or other harmful acts
  committed (or threatened) against civilians for
  political or other ideological goals. Any acts
  of unlawful violence that are intended to create
  fear or terror. -?????????????????????,???????????
  ???,?????????????
• Objects To force political change by convincing
  a government or population to agree to their
  demands.
• ????
• Terrorism ? Acts of Terror Criminal Acts

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Terrorists Groups List of US Department of
State ???????????????? ????(Al-Qaida) ?????(Au
m Supreme Truth,Aum, ?Amu Shinrikyo,Aleph)
??????????(Basque Fatherland and Liberty,ETA)
???(HAMAS,Islamic Resistance Movement???????)
?????(Harakat ul-Mujahidin,HUM)
???(Hizballah,?Party of God) ? Source China
Daily, August 29, 2007, http//big5.cri.cn/gate/bi
g5/gb.cri.cn/14404/2007/08/29/401_at_1737855.htm,
consulted in September 2007.
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Example (2) Food For the Poor
-Founded in 1982 -The 3rd largest and important
charity organisation in the USA.
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Case Study Food for the Poor
-Food for the Poor (FFP) established in 1982 to
spiritually renew impoverished people throughout
Latin America and the Caribbean. It is an
international Christian humanitarian aid
organisation that provides food, housing, medical
services, education and ministry to poor people
and families. -They linked the church of the
developed countries with the church of the
underdeveloped countries to help both the
materially poor and the poor in spirit. (See
their website in http//www.foodforthepoor.org/sit
e/c.dnJGKNNsFmG/b.3074717/k.BE96/Home.htm)
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Research on Human Trafficking 1.??????????????
Definition and Explanation What is human
trafficking? 2.????(?)Case Study
1 3.????(?)Case Study 2
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1. Definition and Explanation What is human
trafficking? It is the recruitment,
transportation, harbouring, or receipt of people
for the purpose of exploitation. The victims
typically are recruited by coercion, deception,
fraud, the abuse of power. ??Threats and
violence can make victims agree to
exploitation. Exploitation methods forcing
adult victims to prostitution, forced labour,
slavery or the removal of organs. Forcing
children to prostitution, illegal international
adoption, early marriage, or recruitment as
child soldiers, beggars.
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Why Human Trafficking)? Illegal
Immigration? ?Illegal immigration means
immigration across national borders in a way that
violates the immigration laws of the destination
country. ?That is, an illegal immigrant is a
foreigner who either has illegally crossed an
international political border, or a foreigner
who has entered a country legally but then
overstays his/her visa.
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About the victims They are usually the most
vulnerable and powerless minorities in a region.
They often come from the poorer areas, such as
Kosovo, Indonesia, Bulgaria, Romania, where
opportunities are limited, They often are ethnic
minorities. Children trafficking Trafficked
children often come from poor family. They are
sold by their parents to traffickers to pay off
debts or get income or they may be deceived
concerning the prospects of training and a better
life for their children. Case In West
Africa trafficked children have often lost one
or both parents to the African AIDS crisis. The
adoption process, legal and illegal, results in
cases of trafficking of babies and pregnant women
between the West (the United States) and the
developing world (India).
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Contemporary Human Trafficking ?????? According
to St. Louis Chinese American News (June23,
2005), the estimate of the amount of
international human trafficking victims is
600800 thousand people. Source
http//www.scanews.com/2005/jun/s774/77407/consul
ted in December 2007.
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Case in UK According to British Home
Office, every year there are 6,000 girls
trafficking from East European countries to
Britain. 80 non-street prostitutes in Britain
come from East European countries.
Source http//www.ukhtc.org/index.htm,
consulted in May 2008.
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Solutions for the prevention and fight against
human trafficking In Romania The government
established official recruitment agency to help
people to get a job. -Print pamphlet and
brochures to warn young women paying attention to
traffickers. -Establishing centre to take care of
the victims. In United Kingdom -To prevent
human trafficking, and to improve and co-ordinate
the law enforcement response to human
trafficking, the British government established
United kingdom Human Trafficking Centre
(UKHTC). -This Centre is working together with
other agencies, NGOs.
Source http//canada.justice.gc.ca/eng/fs-sv/tp/i
ndex.html, consulted in May 2008.
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In the USA (NHTRC)

• The NHTRC is a Department of Health and Human
  Services (HHS)-funded program operated and
  implemented by Polaris Project for the purpose of
  providing a national, 24-hour, toll-free hotline
  number for the human trafficking field in the
  United States. 
• By operating the national hotline, the NHTRC
  works to help improve the national response to
  protect victims of human trafficking in the U.S.
  by providing callers with a range of
  comprehensive services. 
• Available services include crisis intervention,
  urgent and non-urgent referrals, tip reporting,
  and comprehensive anti-trafficking resources and
  technical assistance for the anti-trafficking
  field and those who wish to get involved.  
• The NHTRC also works in collaboration with the
  infrastructure of the anti-trafficking movement
  in the United States, which includes HHS Rescue
  and Restore coalitions, DOJ-funded Human
  Trafficking Task Forces, FBI Innocence Lost Task
  Forces, Federal victims services and outreach
  grantees, statewide human trafficking task
  forces, community-based initiatives, and on-going
  research projects.