CHAPTER 2 Cultural Diversity

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CHAPTER 2 Cultural Diversity
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THE MEANING OF CULTURE

• culture is common to all societies
• humans change and adapt to their environment?
  foundation of culture
• culture- all the shared products of human groups
  physical objects, beliefs, values and behaviors a
  group shares

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MATERIAL CULTURE

• physical objects
• (ex. cars, books, buildings)

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NONMATERIAL CULTURE

• abstract human creations
• (ex. beliefs, family patterns, ideas, language,
  politics, economy, rules, work)

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THE MEANING OF CULTURE

• society people
• culture material and non-material products
  people create

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THE COMPONENTS OF CULTURE

• learned and shared
• All cultures have 5 basic components
• 1. Technology
• 2. Symbols
• 3. Language
• 4. Values
• 5. Norms

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TECHNOLOGY

• rules for using physical objects interest in
  skills and rules of use

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SYMBOLS

• create culture used to communicate have a
  shared meaning attached to them

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LANGUAGE

• organization of written or spoken symbols
  standardized

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VALUES

• shared beliefs about what is good or bad, right
  or wrong, desirable or undesirable

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NORMS

• shared rules of conduct that tell people how to
  act in specific situations expectations, not
  actual behavior
• 2 types- folkways and mores

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FOLKWAYS

• norms that describe socially acceptable behavior
  but do not have great moral significance failure
  to follow results in a reprimand or minor
  punishment

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MORES

• have great moral significance violation
  endangers societys stability stronger
  punishment

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LAWS

• serious mores, formalized written rules of
  conduct enacted and enforced by the government
  (which may also enforce folkways)

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EXAMINING CULTURE

• continually changes
• Levels of Complexity (least? most complex)
• Traits- simplest individual tool, act, or belief
  that is related to a particular situation of need
  (ex. forks, greeting)
• Culture complexes- cluster of interrelated traits
  (ex. football)
• Culture patterns- combination of a number of
  culture complexes into an interrelated whole
  (ex. American athletics)