Renaissance Rebirth of arts and learning

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RenaissanceRebirth of arts and learning

• (1300 1600)

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Italy Birthplace of the Renaissance

• Why northern Italy
• a. central location in the
• Mediterranean
• b. wealth came from trade
• c. powerful city-states
• d. Roman heritage

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What brought this rebirth

• Plague killed 60 of population
• Survivors demanded higher wages
• Economy rose, merchants thrived
• Legacy of Greece and Rome

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MIDDLE CLASS

• Most powerful and wealthiest
• Earned their power, not inherited
• Gained status because of talent/wit
• Focus on individual achievement
• New idea of individualism
• Common people experienced the greatest change
  during the Renaissance

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NEW VIEWS AND VALUES

• Humanism Human potential and achievements
• Desiderius Erasmus and Francois Rabelais
  considered Christian humanist
• Studied classical Greek and Roman culture
• Secular basic spirit of movement
• Here and now attitude (worldly)

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MEDICIS

• Family in Florence 1400s
• (great rulers and supporters of the arts)
• bankers, wool manufacturers, mining
• Cosmo de Medici 1434
• Bribed his way into power
• Lorenzo the Magnificent
• Grandson of Cosmo
• Kept town together during hard times

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Literature

• Niccolo Machiavelli The Prince,
• a. one of most influential works on political
  power in the Western world
• b. felt rulers had ultimate authority

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• Dante Divine Comedy
• a. story of the souls journey to salvation
• b. written in Italian vernacular (language
  spoken in ones own regions)

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• Geoffrey Chaucer
• The Canterbury Tales
• a. told of 29 pilgrims journeying to the tomb
  of Saint Thomas
• b. written in English vernacular

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William Shakespeare

• a. regarded as greatest playwright of all time
• b. wrote over 1,500 plays
• c. actor
• d. shareholder in the Lord Chamberlains Company
• e. master of the English language

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Reformation

• Martin Luther protested against the church for
  selling indulgences (pardoning of a sin and/or
  any penalty)
• 95 Theses formal statements
• Believed in spiritual justification by faith
  alone

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English Become Protestant

• Henry VIII wants a divorce, Pope refuses.
• He bribes Parliament into passing the Act of
  Supremacy made king head of the church

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John Calvin

• Taught that men and women were sinful by nature
• Used predestination as main doctrine
• Everyone attended religion classes

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John Knox

• Followers were known as Presbyterians
• Founded the church in Scotland

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Society of Jesus

• Founded by Ignatius of Loyola
• Commonly called Jesuits
• Principal goal education of children and
  missionaries

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Anabaptists

• Greek for baptize again
• Refused to fight in wars
• Only adults baptism was valid

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Council of Trent

• Churchs interpretation of the Bible is final
• Banned selling of indulgences
• Made list known as Index of Forbidden Books
• Books including Protestant Bibles were burned

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Renaissance Art

• 3 greatest - all started an apprenticeship
  under other masters
• a. Michelangelo, Raphael, Leonardo Da Vinci
• b. all were a Renaissance Man,
• capable of many different works in life

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Michelangelo Di Lodorico Buonarroti
Simoni1475-1564

• a.sculptor, painter,architect, mathematician and
  poet
• b. Studied human anatomy
• c. Battle of the Centaurs and Madonna of the
  Stairs he was only 16 years old

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• d. Bacchus 1496-98 pagan rather than
  Christian subject
• Pieta 1498 1500 only 25 years old, showed
  Virgin Mary holding body of dead Christ
• David 1501 1504 one of the most perfect of
  all statues by proportion

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• St. Peters Basilica
• 1. largest church in all of Rome
• 2. church of the Vatican
• 3. used three rings inside the dome to hold its
  shape

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• g. Sistine Chapel 1508 1512
• 1. Pope Julius II wanted 12 figures of the
  apostles,
• 2.painted over 300 life size figures
• 3. 9 scenes from the Book of Genesis
  surrounded by images of the prophets and other
  Old Testament subjects

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• h. Last Judgement 1535 1541
• 1. largest fresco of the Renaissance
• 2. never completed
• 3. several faces of individuals who were
  speaking out against him

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• j. Florentine Pieta 1550
• 1. last statue was for his own tomb
• 2. dissatisfied with his work
• 3. broke off a leg and damaged arm of Christ
  and a hand of the Virgin Mary in anger
• 4. never finished the piece
• 5. Face of Joseph is in his own image

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2. Raphael Sanzio1483-1520

1. poet, painter, Sculptor,and architect
2. painted over 30 different Madonnas
3. designed several churches
4. known as greatest decorator who ever lived

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• e. completed 4 rooms for the Popes living
  quarters in the Vatican referred to as the
  Raphael Stanze
• f. most famous paintings were The School of
  Athens (1511) and Sistine Madonna (1513)

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3. Leonardo Da Vinci1452-1519

1. painter, sculptor, engineer, scientist, inventor,
   musician, goldsmith and botanist
2. Baptism of Christ (1476) shared work with his
   master
3. Mona Lisa (1503) sold to Francis I

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• d. Last Supper (1498), 15 X 29 ft tempera on
  plaster
• e. drawings for inventions include glider,
  alarm clock, diving bell, helicopter, submarine,
  bicycle, parachute, mechanical limb movement
  (robot), automobile, repeating rifle (most were
  never built because of no suitable parts)

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• Reformation

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Causes

1. Roman Catholic Church becomes more worldly
2. Humanists urge for a return to simple religion
3. Strong monarchs emerge

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1. Selling of indulgences
2. Luthers 95 Theses
3. Printing press
4. Calvin and others preach against Roman Catholic
   traditions

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Effects

1. Peasant revolts
2. Weakening of Holy Roman Empire
3. Luther calls for Jews to be expelled from
   Christians lands

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1. Religious wars
2. New found religions
3. Jewish migration to Eastern Europe

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Reasons for Success

1. Bibles in the vernacular
2. Religious rebirth (more on faith)