Human%20Reproductive%20System%20Review

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Human Reproductive System Review
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Male Reproductive System
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Sperm Formation

• Sperm is the male gamete sex cell
• Sperm forms in testes
• Scrotum keeps cooler than rest of the body for
  sperm production it lowers the testes (gonads)
  from the body.
• Semen is sperm plus protecting fluids from the
  Cowpers Gland and Seminal Vesicles.
• Semen leaves testes through the Vas Deferens
  (sperm ducts) to the urethra before it exits.

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Secondary Sexual Characteristics - Male

• These are side effects after puberty
• Produced by testosterone
• Deeper voice
• Chest and facial hair
• Lengthen bones
• Increased size of testes for sperm production

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Female Reproductive System
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Ovum Formation

• The Ova are the female gametes
• Eggs are formed before birth.
• 1 egg per month is matured and released from
  ovaries, most of the time
• Eggs travel through the fallopian tube where they
  may become fertilized

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Secondary Sexual Characteristics - Female

• Induced by increased Latinizing Hormone (LH),
  Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Estrogen, and
  Progesterone hormone levels.
• Pubic hair
• Widen pelvis
• Enlarge mammary tissue (breasts)
• Begin menstrual cycles

Menstrual Cycle Diagram
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Fertilization

• Occurs in upper 1/3 of Fallopian tube
• Only 1 sperm can fertilize an egg.
• Fertilized egg zygote
• An average woman is pregnant (gestational period)
  for 9 whole months.
• That is 40 weeks. Babies can survive if they
  are born earlier, but they may have
  complications due to being premature.

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Implantation

• Fertilized eggs are implanted into thick walls of
  uterus
• Chorion membranes dig into uterus to form
  placenta
• Zygote grows into an embryo
• Embryo gets air and nutrients through the
  umbilical cord
• Once pregnant, progesterone levels stay high in
  mom
• Moms uterus grows with the baby

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1st Trimester 1st 12 weeks

• Heart develops first
• Neural tube develops
• All body systems appear by Week 8 Now a Fetus

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2nd Trimester up to 24 weeks

• Most growth
• Looks more like a baby
• Some preemies survive at this stage

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3rd Trimester Up to 40 weeks

• More growth
• Kicking, rolling, stretching
• Eyes open Week 32
• Lungs mature
• Rotates to head-down
• position, unless baby is breech

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Birth

• Labor
• Uterine contractions begin
• Cervix dilates to 10 cm.
• Birth
• Uterus pushes baby through vaginal canal
• Placenta delivered after baby
• Cesarean Section (c-section) is a surgery that
  cuts through the uterus to deliver the baby if it
  cannot be born vaginally