Chap. 1 ??????

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Chap. 1 ??????
Science and Ethics

• ??? (Ayo)
• ?????? ???????
• ?????????

Ayo NUTN website http//myweb.nutn.edu.tw/hychen
g/
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• Part I ????
• 1 ??????
• 2 ??????
• 3 ???????? (?????????????)
• Part II ???????????
• 4 ???????
• 5 ?????????????
• 6??????????????
• Part III ????????

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????

• Part I ????
• Part II ???????????
• Part III ????????
• 7 ?????? (Biocentric ethics)
• 8 ??????????
• 9 ???? (The Land Ethic)
• 10 ????? (Deep Ecology)
• 11 ????? (Social Ecology)? ?????? (Eco-feminism)
• 12 ????(sustainability)

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Chap. 1 Science and Ethics

• 1.1 ?? Why philosophy?
• 1.2 ?????? (Science and Ethics)
• 1.3 ?????????
• Questions and Discussion

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1.1 ?? Why philosophy?

• ?????
• ????(Chemstorm)????????
• ????????,???????
• ????????,????????100??????,??????????????????(Wil
  son, E. O. 1989. Threats to Biodiversity.
  Scientific American, 261108-116.)
• ???????,?????????????
• potentially catastrophic future
• We are challenged with momentous decisions.
• But how do we start making the right decisions?
• ?? ?????????? philosophical ethics (?????)(?????)?

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???????
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Science and technology

• For many people in our culture, science and
  technology offer the only hope for solving
  environmental problems.
• Because environmental problems often involve
  highly technical matters, it is only reasonable
  to turn to experts in these technical areas for
  answers.
• ??????????????????????(????)???????????????????

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Ethics and Policy

• Ethics (???) is one branch of philosophy that
  addresses fundamental value questions (???????).
• Environmental policy(????) ought to be decided in
  the political arena (????) and not in scientific
  laboratories (?????), corporate boardrooms
  (?????), or government bureaucracies (????).

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1.2 Science and ethics

• Rachel Carsons Silence Spring,
• We take risks when we treat environmental
  problems merely as technical problems awaiting
  solution form some specialized discipline.
• This is partly because the dimensions of
  environmental issues are seldom limited to the
  specific boundaries of any one particular
  discipline.
• ????pesticide pollution (agriculture, biology,
  chemistry, medicine, economics, politics and law)
• ??????

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• ???
• 1970???

• ?????
• ????
• ??2008?05?10?

Carson, Rachel (1962)
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1.2 Science and ethics

• Science is not a value-neutral (????) as many
  assume.
• Our culture has a profound belief in science as
  the ultimate authority (????) on questions of
  knowledge and truth (?????).
• Our beliefs are mere opinion- personal (???),
  subjective(???), arbitrary(???), and biased(???
  unless they are validated by science.
• Although science have potential for helping us to
  understand and solve environmental problems,
  science is not the purely objective and
  value-neutral resource that so many assume it to
  be.
• ????????????????(polywater)???????reductionist
  approach (reductionism)

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?1. A Knowledge hierarchy (?????)
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???
(intelligence)
???(tacit)??????
?? (Knowledge)
????????
?? (information)
?? (Data)
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?2. types of knowledge transfer (?????)?
Taylor. Liz (2007) Knowledge, information and the
business process Revolutionary thinking or
common sense? Chandos Publishing (Oxford) Limited.
???? (explicit knowledge)
???? (tacit knowledge)
to


???? (tacit knowledge)
??? (Socialisation)
??? (Externalisation)
from
?? (combination)
??? (internalisation)
???? (explicit knowledge)
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1.2 Science and ethics

• We should not deceive ourselves into thinking
  that because science demands objectivity and
  neutrality, all its uses are objective and
  value-neutral.
• Even if the scientific enterprise is committed to
  impartial(???) and objective (???) methods, and
  even if its findings are valid, the practical
  uses that we make of scientific information may
  not be reasonable.
• Sometimes this will require examining the value
  assumptions implicit in science and technology.

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1.2 Science and ethics

• Nevertheless, it also would be a mistake to think
  that some abstract ethical theory can resolve
  environmental controversies.
• Looking to philosophical ethics for some quick
  fix is just as short-sighted as overreliance
  (????) on science.
• The best approach is to recognize that both
  science and ethics are essential if we hop to
  make meaningful progress in meeting the
  environmental challenges that confront us.
• Science without ethics is blind (??)
• Ethics without science is empty (??).

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Science and Ethics

• ??????,?????
• ??????,?????
• Science without ethics is blind
• Ethics without science is empty.
• ????????,???????????????,????????????????,????
• ??????????,?????,??????,????????????

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1.3 ?????????

• ????, ???????(EE)???????????????(??)???
• ??????????????????????????????
• ????????????????
• ????(norms) ????
• ??????????????
• ????,???? (justified)?

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Questions and Discussion

• http//myweb.nutn.edu.tw/hycheng/

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??1.1

• ???? vs. ????
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