Effects%20of%20global%20climate%20change%20are%20already%20visible

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Effects of global climate change are already
visible
http//www.worldviewofglobalwarming.org/pages/glac
iers.html
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Fig 54.14
Carbon cycle
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370
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Relative contributions to Global Warming
500 m people
300 m people
2.5 b people
5
http//www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/sci319
/5862/424
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World Primary Energy Supply 2004
http//www.sciencemag.org/sciext/sustainability/
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U.S. Energy use in 2005
http//www.sciencemag.org/sciext/sustainability/
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Research money spent on alternative energy
http//www.sciencemag.org/sciext/sustainability/
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28 of U.S. energy is used in transportation
http//www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/uses/trans
portation.html U.S. Department of Energy,
Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 26-2007.
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In 2005, there were almost 239 million vehicles
(cars, buses, and trucks) in the United States.
http//www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/uses/trans
portation.html U.S. Department of Energy,
Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 26-2007.
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Vehicle Energy Use
http//www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/uses/trans
portation.html U.S. Department of Energy,
Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 26-2007.
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Automobiles, motorcycles, trucks, and buses drove
nearly 3.0 trillion miles in 2005. Thats almost
1/12th the distance to the nearest (non-sun)
star. Its like driving to the sun and back
13,440 times.
Transportation fuel use
http//www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/uses/trans
portation.html U.S. Department of Energy,
Transportation Energy Data Book Edition 26-2007.
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Much of our Alternative Energy Research is in
Biofuels
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Biofuel production
http//www.sciencemag.org/sciext/sustainability/
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Fermentation break down sugar to ethanol
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http//www.iogen.ca/images/m1_fuel_cycle2.jpg
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Fig 37.4
Water and minerals move up from the ground in
xylem, which has the most cellulose.
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water transport limits plant growth
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Fig 36.28.29
Most of wood is xylem, and wood has lots of
cellulose
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Wood also has lignin,and lignin removal is
necessary for cellulose processing
Nature Biotechnology 20, 557 - 558 (2002)
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Xylem is tough, and full of lignin- inhibits the
ability to use plants to produce biofuels
xylem
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Research is ongoing to produce woody and
non-woody plants with decreased lignin to improve
the efficiency of biofuel production
xylem
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Much of our Alternative Energy Research is in
Biofuels
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Human resource production and use
Worldwide Grain Production per Person
http//www.earth-policy.org/Updates/2008/Update69.
htm
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World Grain Stocks as Days of Consumption
http//www.earth-policy.org/Updates/2008/Update69.
htm
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60 percent of the world grain harvest is
consumed as food, 36 percent as feed, and 3
percent as fuel. While the use of grain for food
and feed grows by roughly 1 percent per year,
that used for fuel is growing by over 20 percent
per year.
http//www.earth-policy.org/Updates/2008/Update69.
htm
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http//www.earth-policy.org/Updates/2008/Update69.
htm
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Corn prices late 1999 Nov 2008
http//futures.tradingcharts.com/
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Corn prices Oct 2007-Nov 2008
http//futures.tradingcharts.com/
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Increasing oil prices drive up potential profit,
and cost of food crops Cost of oil----Profitable
cost of corn for ethanol 50 ----
4/bushel 100 ---- 7/bushel 140 ----
10/bushel Summer 2008 corn price
8/bushelCurrent March '09 corn price
3.50/bushel http//www.farmdoc.uiuc.edu/manage/
newsletters/fefo07_11/fefo07_11.htmlhttp//www.ea
rth-policy.org/Updates/2008/Update69.htm http//ww
w.agriculture.com
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Whereas previous dramatic rises in world grain
prices were weather-induced, this one is
policy-induced and can be dealt with by policy
adjustments. If the entire U.S. grain harvest
were converted into ethanol, it would satisfy
scarcely 18 percent of our automotive fuel
needs. http//www.earth-policy.org/Updates/2008/U
pdate69.htm
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The human consequences of climate change